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Developing a Project Plan (Constructing a Project Network (Basic Rules to…
Developing a Project Plan
The Project Network
A flow chart that graphically depicts the logical sequences, interdependencies, and start and finish times of the project activities along with the longest path(s) through the network—the critical path
From WBS/Work Package to Network
★activity★ ：專案中必須耗費時間的要素，如工作或等待
管理者利用工作包裡的任務時間來推導出活動時間估算
★Early time★
Forward Pass
early finish—EF
expected time—TE
early start—ES
★Late time★
Backward Pass
late start—LS
late finish—LF
Which activities represent the critical path?
slack or float—SL
★total slack★
Allows flexibility in scheduling scarce resources.
★sensitivity★
專案開始之後原先的要徑被更動的可能性
★free slack — FS★
此活動可延遲，且不影響接續活動的時間數量
Constructing a Project Network
Merge Activity
an activity that has two or more preceding activities on which it depends (more than one dependency arrow flowing into it)
Parallel Activities
Activities that can occur independently and, if desired, not at the same time
Critical Path
1.The longest path through the activity network that allows for the completion of all project-related activities
2.The shortest expected time in which the entire project can be completed.
3.Delays on the critical path will delay completion of the entire project.
Activity
an element of the project that requires time but may not require resources ， (V+N)
Burst Activity
an activity that has more than one activity immediately following it (more than one dependency arrow flowing from it)
Two Approaches
★Activity-on-Node (AON)★
Uses a node to depict an activity.
★Activity-on-Arrow (AOA)★
Uses an arrow to depict an activity.
Basic Rules to Follow in Developing Project Networks
4.Each activity must have a unique identify number.
5.An activity identification number must be greater than that of any predecessor activities.
3.Arrows indicate precedence and flow and can cross over each other.
6.Looping is not allowed.
2.An activity cannot begin until all preceding connected activities are complete.
7.Conditional statements are not allowed.
8.Use common start and stop nodes.
1.Networks typically flow from left to right.
Practical Considerations
Use of Computers to Develop Networks (and Gantt Chart)
★Gantt chart★
Bar chart
Calendar Dates
Activity Numbering
Multiple Starts and Multiple Projects
Network Logic Errors
Illogical Loop
Extended Network Techniques to Come Close to Reality
Laddering
Activities are broken into segments so the following activity can begin sooner and not delay the work.
Lags
The minimum amount of time a dependent activity must be delayed to begin or end
Use of Lags
Start-to-Finish Relationship
Combination Relationships
Finish-to-Finish Relationship
Start-to-Start Relationship
★concurrent engineering★
Finish-to-Start Relationship
★lag relationship★
Hammock Activities
Spans over a segment of a project.
Has a duration that is determined after the network plan is drawn.
Is very useful in assigning and controlling indirect project costs.
Is used to aggregate sections of the project to facilitate getting the right level of detail for specific sections of a project.