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HARDWARE (Internal computer hardware devices (read-only memory (ROM)…
HARDWARE
Physical components
that make up a computer system
External
computer hardware
input devices
examples
keyboard
mouse
output devices
examples
monitor
printer
secondary storage devices
examples
DVD R/W drive
removable hard disk drive
Internal
computer hardware devices
Motherboard
printed circuit board found in all computers
allows the processor and other computer hadware to
function
and
communicate
with each other
one of the main functions is to act as a "place" where the computer devices connect to
consist of
sheet of non-conductive material
for example: hard plastic
thin layers of copper or aluminium that are printed onto the sheet
these form the circuits between the various components
motherboard
several sockets and slots to connect the other components
Random access memory (RAM)
Internal chip where data is
temporary
stored when running applications
this memory can be written to and read from
the information can be lost if the power is turned off to the computer
so
it's called a volatile or temporary memory
RAM stores the data, files and parts of the operating system currently used
RAM
Sound card
an integrated circuit board
provides to the computer the ability to
produce sounds
allows user to
record sound
input from a mycrophone
allows user to
manipulate sounds
stored on a disk
translates
digital data into analogue signals (needed for speaking)
2 methods of translation
FM sysnthesis
mimics different musical instruments according to the built-in formulas
sound card
wavetable synthesis
relies on recording the actual instruments to produce sound
Video card
allows computer to send
graphical infromaion
to a video display device
for example to
a monitor
the video card usually connects to the motherboard
It's made up of
processing unit
1 more item...
memory unit (usually RAM)
a cooling machanism
connections to a display unit
a television
a projector
Internal hard disk drive/solid state drive
(HDD/SSD)
two devices
HDD
magnetic in nature
main internal storage for files and most of the system and application software
large storage capacity and fast data transfer
SDD
HDD
SSD
same function as HDD
many modern computer have newer storage systems that use the SSD instead of the HDD
Central processing unit (CPU)
interprets
and
executes
the
commands
from the computer hardware and software
it's part of the motherboard
before
CPUs were made up of small integrated circuits and these circuits were combined together on a circuit board
nowadays
CPUs are known as microprocessors. This are single integrated circiuts which can be considered the heart of a PC
It's a control unit
controls input and output devices
it's an arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
does calculations and makes logical desicions
has the immediate access store (RAM)
read-only memory (ROM)
store information that needs to be
permanent
information isn't lost when power is turned off
so
non-volatile memory
chip cannot be alter and can only read from
contains some coding called
boot file
it tells the computer what to do when it first starts up
this is known as the
BIOS
(basic input/output system)
when the computer is turned on
checks the hardware to know if all devices are present and if they are funcioning
it loads the operating system into the RAM
the BIOS stores
time
in the CMOS ( complementary metal oxide semiconductor)
non-volatile memory
usually battery powered
date
system configuration
