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concepts related to joint functions (joint function (kinematic chains…
concepts related to joint functions
joint function
the joint structure represents its functions
the human body is modeled as
a multitask system
comprising several body segments
connected by joints
kinematic chains
composed of a series of rigid links
that are interconnected by a series of
pin centered joints
open kinematic chains
distal end is free to move
1 joint can move independently
in the chain
closed kinematic chains
proximal & distal ends of the
chain remain fixed
movement at 1 joint
automatically creates
movement at 1 or more jonts
in the chain
Range of motion
ROM
amnt of motion available
to a joint
within the anatomical limits
of the joint
hypermobile
ROM exceeds normal limits
hypomobile
ROM is less than
what would normally be
permitted by the structure
a
contacture
is a cause of
hypomobility
( shortening of the soft tissue
structures arnd a joint)
osteokinematics
refers to rotary movements
of the
bones
in space during
physiological joint motion
observable movements of the
bony levers in the 3 planes
that occurs in the joints
refers to the joint motions
linear & rotary
flexion, extension
abduction, adduction
lateral & medial rotation
(only describes the path of
the moving bones)
arthrokinematics
( Describes the motion that occurs
between the articular surfaces of the joints)
involves rotation of bony segments
& motion of the joint surfaces
in relation to 1 another
to describe the moving parts
roll
rolling of 1 joint surface
over the other
multiple points along
1 rotating articular surface
contact
multiple points
on another articular surface
analogy:
a tire rotating across
a stretch of pavement
slide
gliding of 1 component
over the other
a single point on
1 articular surface
contacts multiple points
on another articular surface
analogy:
a stationary tire
skidding across
a stretch of icy pavement
spin
rotation of the
movable component
a single point on
1 articular surface
rotates on a single point
on another articular surface
during human joint motion
combination of sliding & rolling
occurs in order to maintain
joint congruity
the type of arthrokinematics motion
depends on the shape of
articulationg surfaces
convex-concave joint motion
convex
convex joint surfaces
generally roll & glide
in
opposite
direction
concave
generally slide in
the
same
direction
ovoid & sellar
joint categories
ovoid
1 surface convex
& the other concave
sellar
each joint surface
is both
convex
& concave
loose & close packed
position
close packed
position
joint surfaces are
maximally congruent
ligaments & capsules are
maximally taut
extreme end of ROM
resistant to tensile forces
most stable
full extension for
humeroulnar
knee
& IPJ
(little/ no joint play)
loose packed
position
joint structures are most lax
joint cavity has
a greater volume
externally applied forces
will produced movements
( knee jerk test)
maximum amnt
of joint play