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Motion pictures & TV (History (In 1878, Eadweard Muybridge invented…
Motion pictures & TV
History
- In 1878, Eadweard Muybridge invented the first motion picture from experimenting different technique in photography. It was called "The horse in motion"
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- In 1890, William Dickson & Thomas Edison developed the first short motion picture using Kinetograph.
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Example: Dickson Greeting. In this film, there's no sound, plot, or story. It showed William Dickson passing a hat in front of himself, and reaching for it with his other hand. Thus, it suggests that early movies only emphasised on motion.
- The Lumiere's brothers invented the cinema (Cinèmatographe) which is the first motion-picture apparatus, used as both camera and projector.
The storyline
- Film makers started to tell stories through the movie. This could be seen in 1903 in a movie called "The great train robbery" In this movie, there's no dialogue. This is considered as a silent film. The silent film continued until 1927.
- "one reelers;" a short film lasting about 10 minutes and contained on one reel of film.
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- One of the earliest dynamic director was David Griffith who produced hundreds of one-reelers from 1908-1912. He worked for Biography.
Rise of Hollywood
- Industry owners wanted to keep one-reelers and limited story telling. Also, they control the distribution in the industry.
- Due to the monopolisation of the industry owner, some directors started to move to LA. One of the directors were David Griffith.
- The freedom in LA led David Griffith to experiment longer films and successfully, produced a full-length film.
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Rise of the star system
- Early film in the east didn't named the actors due the fear of creating stars. Actors became famous = raising salaries.
- However, in 1912 , when Hollywood grew, the industry came to rely increasingly on stars to bring people back to the movies again and again.
- Examples of the early stars are Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., Fatty Arbuckle and the Keystone Cops
- Created stars like Theda Bora. Theda Bora was Theodosia Goodman stage name from the transformation of one studio due to there anagram of "Arab Death."
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Birth of Nation
- One of the movie that Griffith produced and it was a silent movie. It was released in 1915 and The film was America’s first feature-length motion picture and a box-office smash. (cost $1000 to make a movie but 18 million revenue)
- Highly racist story due to the fact that it was based from a book, The Clansman, by Thomas Dixon. The film provides a highly subjective history of the American Civil War, Reconstruction, and the rise of the Ku Klux Klan.
- First Hollywood 'blockbuster' (the duration of the movie is 3 hours)
- Griffith as the nation's leading directors for his high quality work, close-up, cross-cutting, fadeouts, and dramatic lighting.
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Hype of the stars
- stars remain a staple of contemporary movies and they're the surest ways of making a movie a success.
Example - Rudolph Valentino. He was very popular with women but his popular started to decrease when he became sick. He had 4 movies still to be released when he died, so his movie studio used marketing of his funeral. They paid women to be hysterical mourners like screaming and fainting. When Valentino died, he was $500,000 in debt; with just his portion of the movie profits, his estate made $1.2 million from the four remaining movies.
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