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Gestures (Dore's primitive speech acts (Requesting action, Protesting,…
Gestures
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Behaviours, factors impt to identify
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RED FLAG: pointing predictor of later lang skills, children w ASD, Down Syndrome freq late to dev. pointing
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Want to see gestures being used for joint attention, social attention
- Gestures paired w eye gaze, vocalisations
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- Transition from contact to distal gestures
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- Transition from gesture to word use
1;4: Gestures, words for object names
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older than 1;8: Concern if persisting to use gesture to name/label objects-may be evidence of lang delay (YOU WANT WORDS)
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Used w variety of objects, events
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- Conventional/communicative
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Specific to context, culture eg. waving hello, blowing kiss, nods head for yes, shake head for no, shrug for all gone or 'where did it go'
- Representational iconic, symbolic gestures
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not instrumental, referent not manipulated/ does not manipulate objects
Carry meaning in their form to symbolise referent, that form does not change w context
Eg. flapping arm for bird flying, child putting hands to mouth to indicate he wants a cookie, cupped hand to mouth for drinking
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Early intentions
0;8-1;0: Illocutionary- requesting (actions & objects), labeling/commenting, protesting, refusing
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1;6-2;0: 1 word use over non-verbal communication. Requesting answers/information, answering
3;6-4;0: reporting on past events, reasoning, predicting, expressing empathy, maintaining interactions
Forms of communication
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1;0-1;6: gestures are combined w word-like vocalisations, containing consonants
1;6-2;0: conventional words, word combinations are used increasing freq to express range of intentions
Defn
Actions produced w intent to communicate, typically expressed using fingers, hands, arms
Can also be facial expression (lip smacking for eating), body motions (bouncing for horsie)
Studies
Iverson, Goldin Meadow, 2005
10 typically dev children, 5M, 5F
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Gestures appeared to provide way for children to refer to objects at time when they were X producing words for those objects (before lang dev)
Children produced more items initially in gesture cf. speech (produced gesture 3 months before they produced word for that object) --> can predict large proportion items to appear in lexicon from early gestures
All children in study combined gestures+single words few months before producing 2-word utterance--> able to combine 2 diff semantic elements w/i single communicative act predicted onset of two word combinations
McGIillon et al (2017)
40/46 children (0;9-1;6) used pointing gestures before their first words. BUT pointing not essential for initiating word productions
Pointing predicted receptive vocab at 1;6, maybe bcos parents responded to child's gestures w words --> built receptive skills
Early gesture intervention to symbolic gesture/baby sign may have clinical potential where there is risk of lang delay, impairment but there is little evidence that it can improve "typically dev infants"