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Ax children emerging lang (Early childhood educator obsv guides (informal,…
Ax children emerging lang
What areas impt to assess?
gesture dev-pragmatics
play skill dev
comm. intent--> joint attention
parent-child interactions
comprehension
Informal Ax
Obsv deitic gestures (showing, reaching, giving, pointing)
Representational gestures (conventional, symbolic)
Play Ax
Westby symbolic play scale
Test of playfulness
Penn Interactive peer play scale
Symbolic, imaginative play dev checklist
Child-initiated pretend play Ax
What to watch out for?
Range of comm. functions
Freq of expression of intentions: Needs to be
2 instances
of intentional comm. per minute for those
1;6.
Needs to be more than
5 instances
of intentional comm. per minute for those
2;0
Forms of comm.
Communication
Early fnal comm. profile: A dynamic Ax for social comm. disorders (Jensen, 2012)
Joint attention
Social interaction: turn-taking, response to greetings
Communicative intent eg. requesting assistance, protesting (ages 2;0-10;0), criterion referenced (checklist), assess child's mastery of behaviours > comparing child with others
RED FLAGS- can use w children who have
suspected, diagnose ASD
severe to profound cognitive impairments
co-existing disorders
AAC
Comm. complexity scale
Comm. Ax scale for children, adults w limited (usually pre-symbolic) comm. forms
criterion referenced Ax: assess child's mastery of behaviours> comparing child w others
Parent report
+ves
Parent has interacted, observed child in wide range of situations, can provide data more representative of child's actual lang
child's personality eg. shyness, mood--> parent report less susceptible to such factors
Cost effective: can do outside of Tx
Can be obtained in advance of seeing child, guides in Ax selection
Can use parent reports to validate (question) SLPs own impressions, obsv
Parent report on behaviours (report that child can call/skype grandparents outside)
Family centered Ax: family involved in decision making
Good when current language Ax administered is limited to current, emerging behaviours
-ves
May be accused of being biased observers- overestimate, underestimate child's abilities bcos trying to get them into child services
Non-standardised
Diary
Make a list of how they are saying the word
Think of part of routine when child was most communicative, help them brain storm strength of child
Parents may lack training about what they are observing
Need to note down when child initiates conversation. Really listen out for words said. Did the child say 'push car' or 'push the car'?
Topics of interest
Diff routines--> diff vocab
Put list of words up on fridge and tick it off as you hear child say it
Language dev. survey
Vocab checklist
309 words into 14 semantic categories: food, toys, outdoors, animals, body parts, places, actions, household, personal, people, clothes, vehicles, modifiers
RED FLAG: Fewer than 50 words or no word combinations by 2 years indicate lang delay
Checklist from birth to 7;0 (separated into age brackets)
Tick if child exhibits behaviour, cross if child does not exhibit behaviour, S is child does it sometimes
SLP, parent can complete this
Early childhood educator obsv guides
informal, non-standardised
How the child comm.
Why the child comm.
What the child unds.
How the child interacts
Dev. of pretend play
OZI (Aus English communicative dev. inventory)
Norms for 1;0-2;6 but can still use for older kids although norms not used
Focus on words said (expressive vocab)
Contains 15 vocab sections: 558 items 1) sound effects, animal sounds 2) animals (real or toy), 3) vehicles (real or toy) 4) toys 5) food, drink 6) clothing, 7) body parts, 8) small household items, 9) furniture, rooms 10) outside things 11) places to go 12) people, 13) games and routines 14) action words, 15) descriptive words
word forms (25 items)
word endings (45 items)
mean length of 3 longest sentences
Comm.,symbolic behaviour scales dev. profile (CSBS DP)
0;6 to 2;0
Can be used for
Screening to identify children at risk of dev. delay or disability eg. autism
Evaluation to determine if child is delayed in social comm, expressive speech, lang, symbolic functioning
Evaluation to document changes over time in child's comm. behaviour
Components
1 pg infant-toddler checklist (Coloured boxes) for 0;6-2;0. Screening tool
RED FLAG:
screen for ASD. 24 items-response options provided. 5-10min to complete. Can be used as interview if caregiver is illiterate. Recommended to monitor dev every 3 months.
4 pg follow up caregiver questionnaire for 0;6-2;0
Behaviour sample when child interacts w parent present 1;0-2;0
Communication opportunities
Wind up toy, toys in bag
Balloon, toys in bag
Bubbles, toys in bag
Jar, toys in bag
Books
Symbolic play-feeding, constructive play-blocks
7 language predictors measured thru CSBS-DP behaviour sample
Emotion and eye gaze: Gaze shift, shared positive effect, gaze/following point
Communication: rate of communicating, behaviour regulation, social interaction, joint atttention
Gestures: inventory of conventional gestures, distal gestures
Sounds: syllables w consonants (child uses at least one consonant in vocal comm. act for each of the 6 sampling opportunities)
Words: child uses one wod per each of 6 sampling opportunities, inventory of words (measure of variety of diff words used by child), word combinations, inventory of word combination (child uses word combination for each of the 6 sampling opportunities)
Understanding: Lang comprehension (object names, person names, body parts)
Object use: inventory of action schemes eg. put in, points to, drinks w bottle, drinks w cup. Action schemes toward another eg. feed doll. Sequences of action schemes eg. pour in cup, stir w spoon, give doll drink. Stacks towers of blocks eg. record highest number of blocks stacked
Clinical considerations
Set up eg. recording
Hygiene: child mouthing objects, reassure parents that toys have been sterilised, mother handling food
Allergies to balloon latex
How might client retrieve toys?
Ask the child: do you need sth? How they should ask for help eg. help me open