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Lawsonia intracellularis (horses :horse: (clinical signs ("poor…
Lawsonia intracellularis
pigs :pig:
worldwide economic impact
well-described
controlled
necroproliferative enteritis in pigs
a group of acute and chronic conditions
widely differing clinical signs
common underlying pathology
chronic manifestations
pathogenesis
marked proliferation of immature crypt epithelium (tropism)
PIA porcine intestinal adenomatosis
can develop necrotic enteritis
can develop into regional ileitis
hypertrophy of the muscle layer
smooth muscle hypertrophy
normal peristalsis has stopped
rare
coagulative necrosis of the mucosa
focal necrosis
necrotic membrane sloughs off
proliferative enteropathy
hyperplastic
"adenomatosis"
thickened mucosa of SI and colon
"hose pipe" gut
corrugated appearance
intracellular invasion of intestinal crypt cells
immature epithelial cells affinity
infected cells fail to mature but mitose
acts more like a cancer
able to arrest cells in G1
affects grower and finisher hogs
epidemiology
prevalent infection
worldwide significance
exposure from later nursery to early grower
2-3w incubation period
by the time you see it, everyone has it
clinical signs
diarrhea in about 50% of cases
homogenous
no blood or mucus
slow growth
lethargy
weight loss
decreased feed intake
thin/unthrifty
more severe cases
increased involvement of mucosa and mm. layers
acute manifestations
PHE proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy
severe GIT hemorrhage
affects older animals
clinical signs
anorexia
acute to peracute death
acute blood loss anemia
dark tarry stool
medical emergency
pathogenesis
acute hemmorhage in upper GI
chronic proliferative lesions
degeneration of epithelial cells
leaky capillary bed
abortion due to pyrexia
seasonal
autumn
new gilt start-ups
ileitis
diagnostics
ante-mortum
serology
IPMA
ELISA
PCR
fecal shedding
oral fluids
culturing will take forever
post-mortum
gross lesions
ileum
possibly colon/cecum
histology
H&E
silver stain
cell prolifertation with intracellular bacteria
IHC or in situ hybridization
treatment/control
medical emergency
antimicrobials
parenteral
in water and feed for herd treatment
microbial resistance is low
vaccination
oral avirulent live
injectable killed
immune response
low level humoral immune response after infection
specific cell-mediated immunity
IgA response
infected/vaccinated pigs seem immune to reinfection
horses :horse:
aka PE, EPE
reported worldwide
economic effects
newly described
not well controlled
weaned foals 3-13mo
seasonal at weaning age
usually self-limiting
hyperplasia of intestinal epithelial cells
hypoproteinemia
ventral edema
individual cases common, outbreaks happen
reported worldwide
economic impact
incubation 14-21 days
clinical signs
"poor doer"
fever
rough hair coat
inappetence
colic
death
feces ranging from normal to watery
pathogenesis
malabsorption
protein-losing enteropathy
diagnosis
antemortum
history of weaning or revent transport
US thick intestinal wall
labs
fecal PCR
serology
culture will take too long
hypoproteinemia
postmortem
same as pigs
prevention/control
antibiotic therapy
foals respond if treated early
pig avirulent live vaccine
humoral and cellular responses
intra-rectally
other species :fox_face::deer::mouse:
"wet tail" in hamsters
mike, fox, deer, ratites, etc
general info
obligate intracellular bacterium
only replicate in cytoplasm
not culturable on conventionla media
gram negative
curve shaped
single polar flagellum
motile
wide host range
causes proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells
proliferative enteropathy
aka proliferative enteropathy