Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Planning and Goal-Setting (Why do managers plan? (provide direction to…
Planning and Goal-Setting
Why do managers plan?
provide direction to managers and nonmanagers alike
reduces uncertainty by forcing managers to look ahead
minimizes waste and redundancy
establishes the goals or standards used in controlling
Goals and Plans
Types of Goals
Stated goal
Real goal
Types of Plans
Strategic plans
Operational plans
Long-term plans
Short-term plans
Specific plans
Directional plans
Single-use plan
Standing plans
Approaches to Setting Goal
Traditional goal-setting
means-ends chain
Top managers set goals
Manage-ment by objectives
Set goals by both management and employees
Contingency factors in planing
Organizational level
Degree of environment uncertainty
Length of future commitments