Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Macrovascular complications (Clinical manifestations (Dizziness, Slurred…
Macrovascular complications
Definition: injurious effects of hyperglycemia resulting from changes in the medium to large blood vessels.
Pathophysiology
Blood vessel walls thicken and become occluded
Plaque adheres to the vessel walls
Atherosclerosis develops
Obstruction of blood flow
diabetic related platelet and clotting abnormalities
Decreased flexibility of red blood cells changes the arterial wall
Oxidation stress increases
Increase of protein kinase activation acts on the vascular endothelium
Common Types
Coronary artery
Cerebrovascular disease
Peripheral vascular disease
Risk Factors
Hyperlipidemia
Hypertesnsion
Hyperglycemia
Physical inactivity
Obesity
Clinical manifestations
Dizziness
Slurred speech
Isolation weakness of an arm or leg
Gait difficulties
Facial droop
Visual loss
Onset focal neurologic deficit
Exertional leg pain
Dysrhythmias
Ischemic ulcers
Angina pectoris
Nursing Care plan
Monitor fluid intake
Observe blood glucose levels
Elevate affected limbs on bed rest
Encourage decreasing abnormal BMI to healthy weight
Monitor signs of hyperglycemia complications
Administer low dose of aspirin
Dietary changes