Community Ecology 
Beneficial interaction between species
two organism interact called mutualistic relationship.
examples are pollinators and plants they pollinate
if one organism helps another without receiving benefit called facilitation.
metapopulations in patchy environment
it contains many area suitable for any particular species
species were able to intact freely.
world is patchy and heterogeneous
Interconnected of species: food chains and food webs
secondary consumers which is carnivorous
obtain a networks of numerous interrelationship called food web.
primary producers which is plants, algae and cynobacteria
direct line consumption would be a food chain
fixed efforts harvesting
Have maximum sustained yield
Diversity and Latitude
Diversity and scale #
common observation where scales matters
large area will have more variation of soil
for example earth.
larger has larger diverse habitat
varies with latitude
gives idea of process of community ecology
noticed in far northern canada
also in Siberia and Alaska
predator selection among multiple prey
Apparent competition
One predator one prey
Competition between species
population of predator will be stable when prey equals q/fa
preys such as plants and predators such as herbivore
any plant is attacked by multiple predators
probability that particular prey individual
rare species will be consumed less than the abundant one
communities have multiple plant species
predators prefers only specific plants
increase in one plant species is associated with decrease in other
plants often face the problem that herbivore will eat
several species often complete for same resources
organism consumed a shared source
have two types of competition
Species area relationship
formula: S= cAsquare
relationship between area and species
Diversity
functional connection
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