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Year 10 Geography by Kaden Jones (Mapping Skills (Direction (South, North,…
Year 10 Geography by Kaden Jones
Mapping Skills
Scale
A ratio of distance on a map to a distance in real life.
Distace
The length of the space between two points.
4 figure reference
A 4 figure grid reference is 4 numbers with the first 2 numbers being the eastings and last two being northings and they coordinate to a place on a grid map.
6 figure reference
A 6 figure grid reference is 6 numbers with the first 3 numbers being the eastings and last 3 being northings and they coordinate to a place on a grid map. The last digit functions like a decimal between the grids for more accuracy.
Direction
South
North
West
East
Latitude
A geographic coordinate that specifies the North-South
Longitude
A geographic coordinate that specifies the East–West.
Contour lines
The lines used on topographic maps to show to the height of the land.
Ecological Change
There are many causes for ecological change
Pollution
The presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance which has harmful or poisonous effects
Deforestation
Economics lead to deforestation as a result of big corporations valuing trees, not for their ecosystem services but for their benefit to mass produce tangible goods. Traditionally, forests are cleared to provide land for the agricultural industry for the exponentially growing population of humanity, clear land to provide land for human settlement and the obtaining of valuable natural resources that we utilise on a daily basis.
Environmental change is a change or disturbance of the environment most often caused by human influences and natural ecological processes.
Ecological Footprint
Our impact on the environment is known as our ecological footprint. It represents the amount of land and natural resources we need to support the production of the things we consume or use every day. For example, the food we eat requires the clearing of land for harvesting crops or grazing land.
7 Key Concepts
Interconnection
No object of geographical study can be viewed in isolation
Sustainability
the capacity of the environment to continue to support our lives and the lives of other living creatures into the future.
Environment
the significance of the environment in human life, and the important interrelationships between human and the environment
Change
geographical phenomena by investigating how they have develop over time
Space
the way that geographical phenomena and problems can be examined at different spatial levels
Scale
the significance of location and spatial distribution and ways people organise and manage the space that they live in
Place
the significance of places and what they are like
Gross Domestic Product
A country’s Gross Domestic Product is a method of measuring wealth. The Gross Domestic Product is calculated by the size of its economy by adding the total value of all goods and services produced during a year then is divided by the size of the population to produce a measure known as GDP per capita.
Literacy Rate
Literacy rates measure the percentage of adults who can read and write and are often used as an indicator of education levels within countries.
In numerous of countries, people who reside in the rural areas have a lower literacy levels than urban citizens. In other countries, girls are not often granted the same educational opportunities as boys.
World Views
Human-Centred
Egocentric
We should do whatever we can to minimise our impact and preserve the Earth’s biodiversity. We are no more important than any other organism.
Anthropocentric
Humans are the most important species. We are in charge of the Earth and the natural world. We can use nature to support us and our lifestyle.
Earth-Centred
Ecocentric
We should do whatever we can to minimise our impact and preserve the Earth’s biodiversity. We are no more important than any other organism.
Biocentric
We have a responsibility to use the Earth’s resources in a sustainable way. Other species may be useful to us, but they also have as much right to exist as we do.
Wellbeing
Health
Human health is affected by numerous various factors. Clean air, clean water and a consistent secure supply of nutritious food are all detrimentally vital.
Education
Access to a formal education is perceived by many individuals as the essential factor of improving a person’s overall wellbeing. The ability of literature allows people to obtain access to a greater range of services and provides a range of various options that can lead to better labour, higher wages and improved standard of living. However, the accessibility of education is limited by numerous factors in countries suffering crippling poverty or conflict prevents education.
Wealth
Our access to the fundamental necessities of life (and any desires we may have) are determined by our degree of wealth and our ability to earn a living.
The ability of people to access the things they need to live happy, healthy and contented lives
the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources and political and economic activities.
Ecosystem Services
Sources
Sources (also referred as provisioning services) are natural that can be used or converted by humans for use.
Sinks
Sinks (also referred as regulating services) are processes in the natural environment that absorb our waste.
Services
Services (also referred as supporting services) are things that are done for us by the natural environment that don't produce consumable resources.
Spirituality
Spirituality (also referred as cultural services) refers to the personal relationship that human beings have with the environment,
Biodiversity
The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered to be important and desirable.
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