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World War I (Foreign Involvement (US Involvement (Sedition Act (Prevented…

- - - - Archduke Franz Ferdinand
        
        The assassination of the Archduke arguably started the war, with most historians pin-pointing it as the major catalyst. Franz Ferdinand was not liked by the people of Austria-Hungary, as he was very conservative and had negative things to say about all who weren't Austrian. He was also arguably the wrong person to assassinate, as he was potentially the only archduke who did not want to go to war with Russia, and without him it was almost inevitable.
      - Gavrilo Princip
        
        Gavrilo Princip was only nineteen years of age when he assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and had no clue when it came to him starting (at least in part) the first world war. He was driven by anger, having grown up in a rough family.
  - - - Created to check the balance of power
        
        1882: Germany, Austro-Hungary, Italy --> Triple Alliance 1907: France, Britain, Russia --> Triple Entente
        
        Almost certain about their inevitable defeat against the Austrians, Serbians enlisted the help of their ally Russia, who was happy to step in. History between Russia and Germany made it impossible for Germany to stay out of the conflict, taking the side of Austria-Hungary and writing the "blank check" enclosing the writing stating that Austria-Hungary had their full support. From their, the other major European powers quickly chose their side, and the World War commenced.
    - - The belief that a country should maintain a threatening armed force as an emblem of its strength and power
        
        Germany and Britain competed in a naval race where both countries attempted to build the more powerful naval military
        
        The Schlieffen Plan was drawn up by Germany to call for military troop deployment against Russia
    - - A policy of exerting territorial control directly, either through military force or negotiation, with the goal of amassing an empire
    - - Belief countries are better than others; promoted anti-Austro-Hungary sentiments in Serbia --> feelings of superiority over other nationalities or races
    - - Threat of preparing a country's armed forces for warfare, with respect to personnel and machinery
- - - - Prevented citizens of the United States from writing anything or speaking out on their opinion on the war at risk of a $10,000 fine, time in prison, or both
    - - Early propaganda suggested that people save wheat and other food resources for the people fighting in the war
- - - - The area between the two trenches was called No Man's Land, and it was rightly assumed that if a soldier were to come out of their trench and step into No Man's Land, they would not make it out alive.
    - - Some of the strategies used in Trench warfare were infiltration tactics, but the Germans decided to try and delay the opponents advances instead of facing them head on.
  - - - Women, during this time, took advantage of the fact that men were at war, as well as their new jobs and the credibility that gave them, to further the suffrage movement. They longed to be portrayed as patriotic leaders as well as hard workers.
    - - On the battlefield, women took on important roles including serving as nurses, operating telephone transmission lines, and serving as Yeoman.
    - - Lifestyle Innovations
        
        Many inventions came into popularity or were invented during the time of WWI, including sanitary pads for feminine hygiene, trench coats, wristwatches, and zippers. Trench Coats, for example, became very popular because they kept soldiers warm in the trenches, and provided pockets and compartments for weapons and necessary items.
      - Military Advancements
        
        Many strategies including weaponry grew immensely in popularity, for example tanks, tracer bullets, flamethrowers, heavy weapons and machine guns, all of which making WWI significantly more deadly and dangerous, and adding to the gigantic death toll.
  - - - Tensions between Britain and Germany were high, as Britain was suspicious of German espionage in their country. Germany was fairly unsuccessful, however, since they hired mainly novices that were untrained. One thing they did successfully was intercept messages from British field telephones.
    - - Austria-Hungary was the first nation to create a permanent military intelligence service. They were able to keep information secret through the censorship of mail, as well as eavesdropping. Most of their efforts were focused on Russia.
    - - A Colonel provided Russia with codes, letters, photographs, etc. for 11 years that exposed Austria and their plans. There was a fear deep in Russia that everyone was a spy, which lead to paranoia.
    - - There were many organizations in Italy set in place to spy and collect information on opposing nations.
- - - - France was not so lenient in comparison to Great Britain, and believed that not only should Germany be blamed for the entirety of the war, but should be endlessly punished no matter the cost, with its army completely demolished as well as its navy. They also believed they should gain control of Rhineland.
    - - The United States was willing to be fairly forgiving, seeing as they did not believe blame needed to be placed, and instead suggested and fought for the concept of a League of Nations, ensuring that another World War would never be fought again, and instilling some peace in a very divided world
    - - Great Britain definitely blamed Germany for the war, and wanted them to take a big hit from the Treaty of Versailles, but believed that it shouldn't be to such an extent that it would be impossible for them to come back. They therefore pushed for under 50 billion dollars in reparations, something closer to 33, and wanted Germany to keep Rhineland.
    - - Italy, who sided with Germany during the war, was more focused on making sure they came out of the conference with more land on their side, expanding their country. They believed in the idea of the League of Nations, but was firm on the belief that Germany and Russia should be excluded from the pack.