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Ch. 51 - 53 (behavior (innate (behavior that is developmentally fixed and…
Ch. 51 - 53
behavior
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fixed action pattern
a sequence of unlearned act that is essentially unchangeable and once initiated usually carried to completion
example- female greylag goose's egg rolls out of her nest, she will instinctively use her bill to push the egg back into the nest in a series of very stereotyped, predictable, movements. The sight of an egg outside the nest is the stimulus that triggers the retrieval behavior
imprinting
the formation at a specific stage in life of a long lasting behavioral response to a specific individual or object
example - mammals are dependent on their mothers for nourishment, and even birds are still dependent on parental guidance and protection, it is important that the precocial infant not get lost in this way
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trial & error
problem solving method in which multiple attempts are made to reach a solution. It is a basic method of learning that essentially all organisms use to learn new behaviors
example- moving a couch out the front door and it fit so you try it again and still don't fit so you use a double door and finally it fits
habituation
form of non-associative learning in which an innate response to a stimulus decreases after repeated or prolonged presentations of that stimulus
example- a prairie dog scream to alarm the others that a hawk or snake is near but when a human goes around a prairie dog and don't harm them they will act normal
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insight
is a type of learning or problem solving that happens all-of-a-sudden through understanding the relationships of various parts of a problem rather than through trial and error
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aquatic biomes
lakes
physical environment standing bodies of water range from ponds, light decreases with depth , creating stratification
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wetlands
habitat that is inundated by water at least some of the time and that supports plants adapted to water saturated soil
high organic production by plants and decomposition by microbes the water and the soils are periodically low oxygen
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Rain shadow effect itself is a large area where there is little to no rainfall, it may get confused with a desert but the terms are not interchangeable. This is because a rain shadow is a dry area created in the backs of mountains.
The Coriolis Effect is the deflection of the directions bodies of mass go based on the vertical side of the equator the observer is at. This occurs due to the earths rotation to the right being faster at the equator compared to the north and south pole.
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density dependent - death rate that increases with population density or a birth rate that falls with rising density
ecological footprint - summarizes the aggregate land and water area required by each person, city, or nation to produce all the resources it consumes