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Ch. 23 Seed Plants II: Angiosperms (Concepts (Carpels (closed (develops…
Ch. 23 Seed Plants II: Angiosperms
Concepts
Magnoliophyta
angiosperms
greatest number of living species
257,000
Carpels
closed
develops into fruit that encloses embryos as they develop
angiosperm
edges of sporophyll primordia crowd against each other
pistil
fusion of carpels
double fertilization
second sperm cell of pollen tube fuses with polar nuclei of megagametophyte
produces endosperm nucleus
vesselless
primitively
having wood without vessels
secondarily
others that arose from Amborella
tracheid-based, gymnosperm-like wood
other terms:
sympetally
fusion of petals
zygomorphy
bilaterally symmetrical flowers
Changing Concepts About Early Angioperms
ranalean flower
thought to be relictual
generalized
it has all parts
angiosperms are monophyletic
gymnosperm to angiosperm
occurred during Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Periods of the Mosozoic Era
Classification of Flowering Plants
monocots or eudicots
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all angiosperms are classified by
many different characteristics, but hard to distinguish
basal angiosperms
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early angiosperms diverged into several clades now called this
Basal Angiosperms
uniaperturate
pollen grains have a single germination pore
all angiosperms and monocots
eudicots have three germination pores
Monocots
Commelinoid Monocots
Areclaes
contains the palms
3500 species
Poales
cattails, bromeliads, sedges
8000 species
Zingiberales
canna lilies, gingers, banana
largest family has 1000 species
Alismatales
contains many aquatic herbs
no transpiration
loss in stomata
Lilales
"Petaloid" Monocots
11 families and 1300 species
Asparagales
septa
fused carpels side by side
septal nectaries
open areas that secrete nectar at top
Dioscoreales
one family
produce yams
Eudicots
Basal Eudicots
Caryophyllales
anthocyanin pigments
betalains
water-soluble pigments
perisperm
nuclles cells proliferate and form a nutritive tissue
Santales
most are parasitic
Sandalwood family
Rosid Clade
very diverse in body, flowers, chemistry, and ecology
two large clades
fabids
aka eurosids 1
100 families together
malvids
aka eurosids 2
Asterid Clade
most derived large clade of eudicots
greatest number of species, 60,000
irioid compunds
occur only rarely outside this group
two groups of orders
lamiids
aka euasterids 1
campanulids
aka euasterids 2
in detail
more info.
more info.
