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World War I (Causes (Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (The Black…
World War I
Causes
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Militarism
Created an arms race out of competition and fear of neighboring nations. Germany + Britain competed in naval race.
Alliances
Created to check the balance of power between nations. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed the Triple Alliance (1882). France, Britain, and Russia formed the Triple Entente (1907).
Imperialism
Caused more competition and disagreement. Britain and France tried to colonize Africa, which made Germany jealous.
Nationalism
Created the feeling that countries were better than others, and promoted anti-Austria-Hungarian sentiments in Serbia.
US Impact
Regulated the supply, distribution, and conservation of food during the war. The goal was to have food, specifically wheat, to send to the Allies. They created many slogans and posters to help spread the message: "food will win the war."
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Propaganda: Urged citizens (mostly lower class laborers) to join the war and fight on America's behalf when supporting the Aliies.
Important Dates
July 1, 1916: British and French infantry forces attacked German defensive lines along a 25 mile front near the Somme River. They fought for 6 months and one million French, British, and German soldiers were killed or wounded.
June 28, 1914: Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian activist working for the Serbian terrorist group, the Black Hand, assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophia. The Austrians then used this event as justification to attack the Serbians.
August 1, 1914: Russia ignored Germany's ultimatum of demobilizing their troops within 12 hours, so Germany declared war on them.
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Technology
New machinery like tanks, hydrophones, tracer bullets, flamethrowers, pilotless drones, and other things like poison gas and depth charges were used to help locate and fight during the war.
Post-war Realities
Shell shock/ PTSD plagued the fighters from WWI. Being viewed as weak for suffering from immense trauma, and suffering from major mental issues did not help the soldiers. Also, the treatments were extremely damaging to their brains and could result in them losing themselves completely or death.
Women
Women worked in espionage, as operators and mechanics, as doctors and nurses, they helped with food, and some even fought in the battle as well. The role of women is so overlooked that I have never even thought once that a woman would have been fighting in the war or gaining intelligence for the war, but I find it to be a pleasant surprise that they were so committed to keeping their countries in tact.
Protection and Shelter
During the war, trenches were used for protection and shelter while on the battlefield, yet many problems stemmed from living in such tight quaters.
Disease/ Conditions
Diseases spread very easily while in the trenches because everyone was on top of each other. Dysentery, cholera and typhoid fever were common in the trenches. Also, conditions as painful as trench foot and trench mouth, left many soldiers in need of medical attetnion.
Sykes- Picot Agreement: Russia, France, and Britain divided up the Middle East into spheres of influence.
Asia did not really have much involvement in the war, but the Europeans took advantage of them and used them to gain more and supply troops in the war.
Animals
Horses, camels, and elephants were used for transportation of goods and machinery. Canaries and slugs were used for detecting gas. Glowworms were used for light. Pigeons were used for communication. Dogs were used for navigation and locating enemy troops.