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DIABETIC MELLITUS download (17) (Clinical signs (Hepatomegaly (due to…
DIABETIC MELLITUS 
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Treatment
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oral medication
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Acarbose (12.5–25 mg, 2 to 3 times a day)
an oral α-glucosidase inhibitor,in conjunction with diet and/or insulin to control hyperglycemia
Clinical signs
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weight loss
cataracts (dogs)
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vomiting
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Diabetic ketoacidosis
is a form of decompensated diabetes mellitus in which cells use free fatty acids as an energy source, because they cannot access glucose due to absolute or relative insulin deficiency
Diabetes most commonly occurs in middle age to older dogs and cats, but occasionally occurs in young animals. When diabetes occurs in young animals, it is often genetic and may occur in related animals. Diabetes mellitus occurs more commonly in female dogs and in male cats.
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Diagnostic approach
A diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is based on persistent fasting hyperglycemia and glycosuria. The normal fasting value for blood glucose in dogs and cats is 75–120 mg/dL. In cats, stress-induced hyperglycemia is a frequent problem, and multiple blood and urine samples may be required to confirm the diagnosis. Measurement of serum fructosamine can assist in differentiating between stress-induced hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. In cases of stress-induced hyperglycemia, the fructosamine concentrations are normal.
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