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TRANSFORMERS (mutual induction (made of primary coil, secondary coil, iron…
TRANSFORMERS
calculations
assume power is constant
input voltage / output voltage = primary coils / secondary coils (V1 / V2 = n1 / n2)
input voltage x input current = output voltage x output current (V1 x I1 = V2 x I2)
V1 / V2 = n1 / n2 = I2 / I1
mutual induction
made of primary coil, secondary coil, iron core
EMF generated due to changing magnetic field induced by AC currents
turning electromagnet on and off induces EMF
switching electromagnet off induces EMF in opposite direction of switching it on
alternating magnetic field generated in core
magnetic field lines cut by coils in output
alternating voltage generated
step-up transformer increases voltage
step-down transformer decreases voltage
advantages of high voltage transmission
thinner, light and cheaper cables used as current reduced
less power lost
power lost in resistor = R x I^2
resistance already high due to long cables
high voltage = less current = less power loss