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Natural Hazards (. (Build away from high risk areas, design earthquake…
Natural Hazards
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not all hazard predictions are accurate and are sometimes ignored by either the government or the citizens
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Destructive plate margin
Usually involves an oceanic plate and a continental plate which move towards one another and can cause earthquakes.
As the plates collide, the oceanic plate is forced beneath the continental plate because the oceanic plate is denser than the continental plate.
As the plate sinks into the mantle it melts to form magma. The pressure of the magma builds up beneath the Earth's surface. It escapes through weaknesses in the rock, rising up through a composite volcano. The eruptions are violent with lots of steam, gas and ash.
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Some hazards can occur anywhere, such as floods, whereas other can only occur in certain locations, such as tornados.
Some hazards need either climatic or tectonic conditions to occur, such as tropical storms and volcanic eruptions.
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All hazards have social, economic and environmental effects
Climatic hazards: flooding, tornados, tropical storms/hurricanes, droughts.
Tectonic hazards: earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes/volcanic eruptions, avalanches.
In a developing country, the number of deaths tends to be higher but the short-term costs are often relatively low.
In a developed country, the number of deaths tends to be lower but the short-term costs can be very high.
Developing countries can be slower to repair damage to roads and buildings, leading to a lack of tourists and a long-term loss of income.
Hazard risks are increasing due to population growth, urbanisation, pressure on marginal land and changes to the environment.