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Reproductive System (anatomy of male (testes (primary sex organ, produces…
Reproductive System
anatomy of male
testes
primary sex organ, produces sperm
seminal vesicle
produces thick, alkaline, yellowish secretion that nourishes sperm
prostate gland
secretes milky fluid that helps activate sperm
bulbourethral gland
secrete mucus in response to sexual stimulation & lubricates penis before ejaculation
penis
delivers semen into female reproductive tract
vas deferens
carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
urethra
carries sperm & urine, sperm enters from ejaculatory duct
epididymis
matures & stores sperm cells, expels sperm
scrotum
holds testes, regulates temperature for sperm viability
hormones
LH
(f) spike will trigger ovulation of most mature follicle
(m) stimulates seminiferous tubules to secrete testosterone
inhibin
(f) decrease release of FSH by anterior pituitary gland
(m) released by testes when high levels of testosterone are present to release GnIH and stop LH & FSH production
FSH
(f) stimulates development &maturation of primary follicle into secondary
(m) at puberty stimulates sertoli cells for sperm production & maturation
estrogen
(f) primary female sex hormone, low levels cause release of FSH, high levels cause release of LH & GnRH, thickens uterine wall, causes secondary sex characteristics
GnRH
(m & f ) released by hypothalamus in brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to releases LH & FSH
progesterone
(f) triggers suppression of hypothalamus from releasing GnRH, stimulates development & growth if uterine wall
testosterone
(m) stimulates reproductive organ development & sex drive, causes secondary sex characteristics
anatomy of female
ovaries
primary sex organs that supply eggs present from birth, ovulates to release eggs beginning at puberty
fallopian tube
receive ovulated oocyte, provide site fir fertilization
uterus
receives, retains, and nourishes fertilized egg
vagina
birth canal, receives penis
external genitalia
includes the mons pubis, labia, vestibule, clitoris
mammary glands
responsible for milk production after birth by prolactin hormone
cervix
allows flow of menstrual blood
functions
produce hormones
produce cells to reproduce
reproduce
events of female hormonal cycle
uterine cycle
menstruation
(days 1-5) decline in estrogen & progesterone cause spiral arteries to constrict cells and die then slough off for 3-5 days
proliferative phase
(days 6-14) estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of endometrium, causing it to thicken
secretory phase
(days 15-28) in response to rising levels of progesterone by corpus luteum, uterus becomes ready for pregnancy, without pregnancy LH levels drop
ovarian cycle
follicular phase
(days 1-14) FSH causes follicular cells to develop into primary follicle and secrete estrogen to become secondary follicle, only one becomes graafian follicle
ovulation
(day 14) triggered by sudden spike in LH, Graafian follicle releases oocyte
luteal phase
(days 15-28) oocyte is expelled and empty shell becomes corpus luteum which secretes progesterone, estrogen, & inhibin
disorders
STDs
infections capable of being spread from person to person through sexual intercourse or oral-genital contact
signs and symptoms can show up after 2 weeks
symptoms include sores, blood in urine, rashes, itching, burning sensation during urination, bumps, warts, unusual discharge, no symptoms
some examples are chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis