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TMA05 - Are the mind and body distinct substances? As Decartes Argues. …
TMA05 - Are the mind and body distinct substances? As Decartes Argues.
1500-2000 Words
Yes
Decartes Dualism
That we are made up of two substances. Mind and body. Mind is the mental states that one experience (such as tired,Belief) while body is the matter in which all is comprised from.
Mind and soul was used interchangeably. Linguistic variation on the "self" consciousness [Audio 2]
Method of Doubt - siv to filter out preconceptions. if one can doubt something then it should be set aside. One thing that is not in doubt, is that even if i am thinking of doubting, then that is by definition thinking. Something doing the thinking. Cognito, ergo sum. "i think therefore i am" - I am thinking thing. It doesn't follow too much as there is no way to explain the thinking thing
Real distinction between mind and body - Real means the two things are different substances.[Audio 2]
Link even though they are distinctly differently. Mind is not just lodged in the body but infused with it
[Audio 2]
Psycho-physical - the two are inseparable?? - feelings of burnt foot if put in the fire.
It can be then said what happens to dualism?
John Cottingham explains hydrogen and oxygen to show the difference between how mind and body are joined. However what john is talking about is ultimately still the same substance.
Method of doubt - Take out the most doubtful assertions until left with unshakeable truths and certainty.
No
Mental states emerge out of our bodies/brains and that these are not properties of non physical substance. [Audio 1]
Link between the mind and body. How can an immaterial substance (mind) caustically move the body of something? [Audio 2] "Ghost in the machine"
Humans are the only creatures to display immaterial parts. Bk5.P11 This is not entirely true as animals such as dolphins can exhibit intelligence and thinking. As well as chimpansee.
Are we just more complicated then say the mere body of matter such as a corpse? its not that we have mental substance and they dont, perhaps complexity has a factor.
Cottingham challenges the notion of thinking therfore i am notion by saying he is a bodily thing with thinking properties not necessarily that he is hinting at a immaterial thing. As its the brain that is doing the thinking which is imbodied in ourselves.
Unicorn Argument P24. Although it is not the same as decartes and doesnt follow the similar principles of something possibly existing (in that god can create it) as we can think it. But they are not real.
No Obscure elements P30 "superman example" loius is obscured to the fact that superman is not clark kent and indeed they cannot be seperate. Obsucre elements of an unknown nature (post fact such as the pythagarus therom). Decartes cant claim that are seperate as the mind and body seeminly are linked. (MODES OF PRESENTATION P31)
Mind?
Can animals have a mental states? See, think and feel. [Audio 1]
Non physical substances
No evidence to actually explain the soul. [Audio 1]
Nourished, sense perception and thinking. Something tenuous like wind or fire. power of thought and sensation. P15
Self willed movement which makes the body move P15
Body?
Physical substances. Has mass and volume
Decartes says one has hands , face, arms and limbs. Determinable shape and location and occupy a space. P15
Subtance?
Book 5 PP9-11 (and audio recording) for definition
"Things that can live independently" [Audio 2]
can one exist without the other
Book is not a substance as it has to rely on other things for its existence Bk5 Ch1 P10
At what point does one conclude that the "I" ceases to be I , or what does I mean in the first place. Watch example without hands? P14
P17 looks at how he cannot exist without the thinking properties of the mind but can imagine without a body. Is the thinking mind what gives us the mind substance. The mere process of thinking means i exist.
If something is "clear" and "distinct" - If god could create it, because i can imagine it then it could be possible.P20