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Management wk 5 (Planning (Why plan? (Provides direction, Reduces…

- - - - Provide direction
      - Performance measures
      - Real vs stated
    - - Provides a map that guides managers
- - - - High specialisation
      - Rigid departmentalisation
      - High chain of command
      - Narrow spans of control
      - High formalisation
      - Centralised
    - - Cross functional teams
      - Cross hierarchical teams
      - Free flow of information
      - Wide spans of control
      - Low formalisation
      - Decentralised
- - - - How? - observation, statistical, oral and written reports
      - What? - more critical than how
        
        Control criteria:
        
        Employee satisfaction
        
        Turnover and absenteeism rates
        
        Budgets
    - - Acceptable range of variation
    - - Correct actual performance - reactive, immediate vs basic
      - Revise standard - may be too high/low, proactive
- - - - Leaders born not taught
    - - Leadership more than generic traits
      - Duality of leadership: focus on task vs focus on people
    - - Leadership requires more than an understanding of behaviours or traits
      - Ability to 'read' and 'adapt' to situational circumstances important
      - Employee readiness