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DIABETES MELLITUS (CLINICAL SIGNS :question: (Polyuria, Polydipsia,…
DIABETES MELLITUS
WHAT:question:
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism due to relative or absolute insulin deficiency
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TREATMENT :question:
Insulin therapy
:pen:Most dogs require two doses of insulin a day.
:pen:Initial insulin : dose 0.5 U/kg, twice a day.
:pen:With twice daily injections, two meals of equal calories are given at the time of insulin administration.
:pen:Diets high in simple sugars (semi-moist foods) should be avoided.
Hypoglycemic agents
:pen:The use of oral hypoglycemic agents (glipizide) has been evaluated in diabetic cats.
:pen:Glipizide is a sulfonylurea that stimulates the release of insulin from functional β cells.
:pen:Initial dose : 2.5 mg, twice daily,PO
DIAGNOSIS :question:
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Radiographic
:small_orange_diamond: X-rays and ultrasonography can be helpful for the diagnosis of concurrent diseases and complications due to diabetes.
:small_orange_diamond:Abdominal x-rays and ultrasound will help to determine the presence of kidney stones or inflammation of the pancreas and liver as well as other associated abnormalities.
Urinalysis
:small_orange_diamond:In severe cases, urine test results may also show evidence of abnormally high levels of ketone bodies (it is a water soluble produced as a by-product of fatty acid metabolism in the liver and kidney)
:small_orange_diamond:Urine culture can be done to screen for urinary tract infections.
AETIOLOGY :question:
Type I diabetes
:small_blue_diamond:Occurs where there is insufficient insulin production by the pancreas.
:small_blue_diamond:The pancreas does not produce any or enough insulin to properly regulate the sugar levels.
:small_blue_diamond:External insulin injections are required for patient to survive.
Type II diabetes
:small_blue_diamond:Occurs when insulin production is impaired, along with an inadequate response to the hormone.
:small_blue_diamond:In this case, the pancreas is producing enough insulin, but the insulin is unable to take glucose from the bloodstream and into the cells.
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