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WWI (Gallery Walk Information (PTSD/Shell Shock (Shell shock was a term…
WWI
Gallery Walk Information
Role of Women
What was considered unladylike and unthinkable behavior for a woman became the norm. Women during WWI paved the way for women today.
Something I found interesting was that a British nurse named Edith Cavell helped about 200 soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium. Unfortunately, she was caught and was the first woman to die by the firing squad.
Espionage
It caused many new inventions due to each country started to create ant-spy inventions as well as spy inventions. (ties in with technological advances)
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Propaganda
Censorship and propaganda caused President Woodrow Willson to create the CPI which was specifically made for providing government announcements. These announcements were about 1,500 messages of patriotic propaganda.
Something I found interesting was the image of women in propaganda. They were depicted in many different ways, specifically as an object to be protected.
(This connects to the Role of Women. During WWI, women proved that they were a force to be reckoned with and they didn't need protection. Many took over what was considered "a mans job")
Anti-War Protests
There was anti-war propaganda which led to the League of Nations Union being formed. They used ballots and speeches to speak about alternatives to the war.
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Technological Advances
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Something I found disheartening was the use of poisonous gas. It’s a very painful, slow death, and I find it hard to imagine anyone who would wish that death on another.
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Animals during WWI
Animals were used in propaganda but also allowed people to feel comfort and safety in this unpredictable time.
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PTSD/Shell Shock
Shell shock was a term created by Charles Myers in 1915 to describe soldiers who were involuntarily crying, shivering and fearful. These soldiers had constant intrusions of memory. These symptoms stemmed from the war.
When doctors and nurses first experienced soldiers who had shell shock, they believed that it was caused by being exposed to exploding shells. They realized that this was untrue because many of those suffering from shell shock weren’t even in the front lines.
80% of shell shock victims were never able to return to duty.
Doctors and nurses were completely blindsided by shell shock - they had no idea how to treat it or what it was. Shell shock was something completely new. Soldiers were returning from war deaf, blind, paralyzed, or mute when they had no physical damage.
Many shell shocked victims came from the Battle of the Somme. The official number was 16,000 soldiers but military experts argue that the actual number could be much higher.
Shell shock stems from trauma. There is no official cause but their conditions were considered "neurasthenia," which was a nervous breakdown from the war. Shell shock was considered a mystery in the medical world.
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Shell shocked soldier in the trenches during the Battle of Flers-Courcelette during the Somme Offensive in September 1916. His entire psyche is broken and he’s gone insane from what he has seen. “At that moment in time everything he’s been raised to work within, the social constructs which make up every part of his life just exploded and shattered to nothing, and he’s lying there, slumped in a trench, afraid for his life, hearing and seeing death around him.” People did not smile in photos back then.
WWI in the Middle East
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I find it interesting that both the equilibrium in Europe and the Middle East were disrupted. They seemed so different but they could be brought down by the same thing.
WWI in Asia
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I find it confusing that Asia’s involvement is lost in history. This might be because Japan is known for being involved in WWII
Trench Warfare
Something I found surprising was that many soldiers spent more time in the trenches than out.
I feel like this would deteriorate ones mental state. These men were in the trenches for days fighting for their lives.
example: the photo in PTSD section
It changed the way soldiers came out of the war as well as how they sought out shelter.
(this relates to shell shock because many men who were in the trenches suffered from long lasting trauma)
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Militarism
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"The belief that a country should maintain a threatening armed force as an emblem of its strength and power."
Militarism caused a lot of tension within nations. Since militaries were larger, there was little flexibility for political leaders to make decisions for political reasons. Most of the decisions were for the military. This meant that the military had more control. When militaries have more control, war is inevitable.
Imperialism
Dictionary definition: a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
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Alliances
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1882: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy formed the Triple Alliance
1907: France, Britain and Russia created the Triple Entente as a reaction to the Triple Alliance.
Nationalism
During WWI: Nationalism created the feeling that some countries were better than others. This prompted Anti-Hungarian sentiments in Serbia
"A sense of patriotism about one's own country, often accompanied by feelings of superiority over other nationalities or races"
Schlieffen Plan
The Schlieffen Plan was a German military plan against France and Russia because they had a military alliance. The plan was minimal troop deployment in Russia but a rapid invasion in France. This was to defeat France.
This is connected to the alliance system because the plan revolved around France and Russia being alliances. When Germany realized they couldn’t declare war on Russia, they declared war on their ally, France. This would allow Germany to hurt Russia but not directly.
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Responsibility
Germany taking the blame for the war was the appropriate decision. Germany started a war in places where war was not necessary
Territorial Changes
All overseas German colonies will be turned over to the League of Nations.
This was appropriate because it weakens Germany’s influence but at the same time, it doesn’t hurt Germany to a point where they cannot recover. This also follows the main goals of the Allies for what they wanted in the Treaty.
Military Restrictions
German military reduced to 100,000
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Reparations
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Allies agreed to revise the terms during the Great Depression because it would’ve taken Germany until 1984 to finish paying reparations
Shifts in Geography
The most obvious difference is the creation of 5 countries. Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Latvia, and Lithuania
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Propaganda
Hitler links the elimination of the Treaty to unifying all Germans and taking back their “land and soil.” Hitler is using these specific goals in contrast with the Treaty as propaganda. He wants Germans to believe that their land has been taken from them and Germany has been stripped of its power in a way that is harmful to all Germans, he is using the Treaty to push his own agenda, which was to gain power. Hitler is using nationalism to fuel is propaganda. He is using German’s patriotism and devotion to their country as a way to support his agenda in fighting the Treaty.