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Nutrition (Downstream (Skin is sallow, eyes are bloodshot and slightly…

- - - - used as fuel by body cells to produce ATP
    - - found in grains and vegatables
      - provide fiber
  - - - able to be made in the body
    - - obtained from diet
    - - supplying all essential amino acids
        
        regulate body functions
        
        requirements for tissue maintenance and growth
    - - low in one or more essential amino acids
  - - - dissolves in water (Ex. Vitamins B &C)
      - excess excreted in the urine
    - - dissolves in fat (Ex. Vitamins A,D,E &K)
      - excess stored within fat
        
        may become toxic if taken in excess
    - - must be provided in the diet (Ex. Vitamins C & A)
      - may result in deficiency if intake or absorption is impaired
    - - co-factors : the body produces and recycles as needed
    - - CO-ENZYMES- act with an enzyme to accomplish a particular task.
  - - - present in hemoglobin, binding oxygen
      - component in electron carriers in energy metabolism
      - co-enzyme
    - - required for formation & maintenance of skeleton
        
        Bone and tooth formation
        
        blood clotting
        
        nerves and muscle function
    - - required to generate action potential
        
        water balance, blood pressure, nerve function
    - - needed to produce thyroid hormone
    - - roles in protein synthesis & wound healing
      - component of certain digestive enzymes and other proteins
    - - also required to generate action potential
        
        nerve function, acid-base balance
- - - - nutrients are digested into absorbable units
        
        Absorbed into the blood
        
        transported to tissue cells
    - - Anabolism
        
        nutrients are built into macromolecules
      - Catabolism
        
        nutrients are partially broken down
        
        glycolysis is the major catabolic pathway
        
        ends with pyruvate
    - - Oxidative breakdown of stage 2 products
        
        CO2 is released
        
        Hatoms removed are qultimately delivered to molecular oxygen, forming water
        
        some energy released is used to for ATP
        
        Citric acid and Oxidative phosphorylation are the major pathways
  - - - Glycogenesis: Glucose monossacharides-> Glycogen
      - Lipogenesis: Glycerol + Fatty acids-> Triglycerides
      - Protein synthesis: Amino acids-> Polypeptides
    - - Glycogenolysis: Glycogen -> Glucose monosaccharides
      - Glycolysis: Glucose-> Pyruvate
      - Lipolysis: Triglycerides-> Fatty acids+ Glycerol
    - - Gluconeogenesis: Amino acids-> Glucose
      - Glycerol-> Glucose