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A healthy married couple in their early 40s sought advice on contraceptive…

- - - - Interstitial cells - Produce testosterone
      - Seminiferous tubules - where spermatogenesis occurs
      - sustentacular cells - produce inhibin
      - Rete testis - receive sperm from seminiferous tubules and dump them into efferent ductules
      - tunica albuginea - helps trap blood in corpora cavernosa
    - - Cremaster muscles and Dartos muscles - contract to increase temperature of testes
    - - epididymis - mature and store sperm
      - Vas deferens - transport semen to ejaculatory duct
      - Ejaculatory duct - transport semen to urethra
    - - seminal vesicles - produce thick alkaline secretions that make up 60% of semen volume
      - prostate gland - produce think, milky secretions that are slightly acidic; make up 30% of semen
      - Bulbourethral gland - produce mucus neutralizing acidity of urethra; makes up 5% of semen
    - - Glans penis - contains opening for urethra
      - Urethra - transports urine and semen outside of body
      - Corpus cavernosum
        
        facilitates penis erections
      - corpus spongiosum - prevents urethra from pinching closed
  - - - Ovarian ligaments - holds ovaries up, connects ovaries to uterus
      - Follicles -contains oocyte, releases oocyte during ovulation
      - Corpus luteum - secretes progesterone and estrogen
    - - Infundibulum + Fimbriae - catch and channels released oocytes
      - Ampulla - where fertilization occurs
    - - Endometrium - where blastocyst implants
      - Myometrium - contracts for menstruation + giving birth
      - Cervical canal - passageway for sperm
      - Fundus - roof of cavity; connects to uterine tubes
      - Body - site of the 3 linings and embryo growth
      - Cervix - contains cervical canal
    - - Clitoris - stimulates sexual arousal
      - Labia majora + minora - protect some reproductive organs; stimulare sexual arousal
      - Vestibule
        
        Urethral orifice - opening for urine excretion
        
        Vaginal orifice - opening for coitus
    - - Areola - provide lubrication for nipple during nursing
      - Nipple - secrete milk
      - Lobule - produce milk
      - Lactiferous duct - transport milk to nipple
      - Suspensory ligament - supports breasts, maintain shape
- - - - primordial follicles mature into primary follicles, a few primary follicles mature into secondary follicles; primary oocyte in secondary follicle completes meiosis I and arrests in meiosis II, creating a secondary oocyte and a polar body
      - Ovulation (day 14)
        
        An increase in LH leads to an increase in antrum fluid which forces the secondary oocyte out of the follicle and leaving behind a corpus luteum.
        
        Luteal Phase (day 14-28)
        
        Corpus luteum secretes progresterone and estrogen to cause uterine lining buildup; if oocyte is not fertilized after 10-13 days, corpus luteum becomes corpus albacans and stops progesterone and estrogen secretion.
  - - - sloughing of uterine lining
      - Proliferative (day 5-13)
        
        New uterine lining builds up
        
        Secretory (day 14-28)
        
        increased progesterone leads to increased vascularization and uterine gland development. When corpus luteum becomes corpus albacans and progesterone secretion stops, uterine lining will slough off again