Reproductive System Shayne Soto P.4

Anatomy of female

Anatomy of male

Hormones

Major Functions

Disorders

Hormonal cycle

click to edit

Prostate gland

Cowpers glands located under the prostate

Jobs: Secrete a mucus that serves as a lubricant for intercourse and alkaline fluid which decreases the acidity of urine the resides in the urethra

A donut shaped gland that produces an alkaline secretion that increases the sperm motility and neutralizes the acidity in the vagina

During ejaculation the muscular tissue in the prostate gland contracts to help the expulsion of the semen into the urethra

Testes

Produce male sex cells or spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules that are in each testes and hormones like testosterone

Scotum

Is the sac suspended between the 2 thighs and this is where the testes are housed

Located outside the body, the temp is lower, which is a must for sperm production

Epididymis

Where the Sperm go after they develop in the seminiferous tubules. It is a tightly coiled tube that is around 20 feet long

Its job is to store sperm while they mature and become motile

Produces a fluid that becomes part of the semen and connects with the next tube.

Vas deferens

Receives sperm and fluid from the epididymis, It goes up into the abdominal cavity and cures behind the bladder and joins with the seminal vesicle

Job: Passageway and temporary storage area for perm

Also the tube that gets cut in a vasectomy

Seminal vesicles

2 small pouch like tubes that have a glandular lining that produces a thick yellow fluid rich in sugar that provides nutrients for the sperm. This fluid is a large makeup of semen

Ejaculatory ducts

2 short tubes that are formed from the union of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles

Job: Carry sperm and fluids known collectively as semen though the prostate gland and inot the urethra

Urethra carries both urine and semen

Penis

External male organ that is responsible for depositing semen in the vagina, and the elimination of urine

Reproductive system

Consists of gonads and accessory organs

gonads are the sex glands (testes and ovaries)

Function is to produce life

Although the anatomic parts are different in males and females, they both have the same type of organs

Ducts (tubes) that carry the sex cells and the secretions

click to edit

Uterus

Outer layer

is a serous membrane

Middle Layer (Myometrium)

Allows for the expansion of the uterus during pregnancy and contracts to expel baby

Inner layer

Endometrium has a layer of specialized epithelium which provides for implantation of the fertilized ovum and helps aid in the development of the growing fetus

If fertilization doesn't occur, endometrium deteriorates and causes menstruation

Divided into 3 section

Cervix

Narrow bottom section, which attaches to the vagina

Fundus

The top portion

Body (Corpus)

Middle section

Hollow muscular organ that is pear shaped

Job: Organ of menstruation, allows the development and growth of the fetus and contracts to aid in the expulsion of the fetus during birth

Ovaries also produce hormones that help in the development of the reproductive organs and give rise to the secondary sexual characteristics

When an ovum matures the follicle enlarges and then ruptures to release the mature ovum

Ovaries the female gonads, small and almond shaped and are attached to the uterus by ligaments

Contains thousands of small sacs called follicles with each follicle containing an immature ovum

Occurs usually 28 days

Fallopian Tubes

2 tubes that are 5 inches long and attached to the upper part of the uterus. The ends

the ends have finger like projections which helps move the ovum

Job: Serves as a passageway for the ovum as the ovum moves down toward the uterus. this is where fertilization takes place

Vagina

Lines with a mucous Membrane with a rugae that allows the vagina to expand for childbirth and intercourse

Vagina muscular tube that connects the cervix of the uterus to the outside of the body

Job: Serves as a passageway for the menses, receives sperm and semen from the males, and is the organ of copulation and acts as a birth canal

Barthdins glands each side of the vaginal openings

Secrets mucous for lubrication for intercourse

click to edit

Orchitis

Prevention includes mumps vaccination and using measures to prevent STDs

Treatment- Antibiotics, antipyretics, scrotal support, and pain meds

S/S- Swelling of the scrotum, pain, fever

Lead to atrophy of the testes and causes sterility

An inflammation of the testes, usually caused by mumps, pathogens, or injury

Epididymis

S/S- Intense pain in the testes, swelling and fever

Frequently occurs with a UTI, or prostate infection, mumps, or a STD

Inflammation of the epididymis

Caused by gonococcus, strep, or staph

If not treated can cause scarring and sterility

Treatments- Antibiotics, Cold applications, scrotal support, and pain meds

Prostatic Hypertrophy or hyperplasia

Is an enlargement of the prostate gland

Common in men over 50 and it can be benign caused by inflammation, a tumor, or a change in hormonal activity or a cancerous condition

S/S -Difficulty in starting to urinate, frequent urination, nocturia, dribbling, UTI, and when urethra is blocked urinary retention

Treatment- Fluid restriction, antibiotics, and prostatic massage, prostatectomy, or a trans urethral resection

Testicular Cancer

Recommended start self exams at the age of 15

S/S- Painless swelling of the testes, a heavy feeling and an accumulation of fluid

Cancer of the testes, usually occurs in men 20-35

Highly malignant and can spread rapidly

Treatments- Orchiectomy

Prostate Cancer

Can have the same symptoms as prostatic hypertrophy or it may not have any symptoms

A screening PSA can detect a substance released by the cancer cells and aid in early detection

Digital exam may show a hard, abnormal mass in the prostate gland

Biopsy will diagnose it

If cancer prostatectomy radiation, and estrogen therapy are main treatments

When a girl reaches puberty, the ovaries, in response to hormones released by the brain, start to release ova. About every 28 days, an ovum is released from the ovaries into one of the fallopian tubes. This proces is called ovulation. Menstruation typically lasts from 3 to 5 days. Woman menstruate until they have no eggs left. This usually happens ehen a Woman is about 50. This period is called menopause

click to edit

Testosterone 50%, 2-3dihydrotestosterone (DHT) 100%, DHEA 4%, Androstenodione 8%,

Estrogens

Estadoil

Uses: Development of Secondary female characteristics, regulation of menstrual cycle,

Progestagens

Uses: gestation, supports endometrium, evolves mamillary glands

Progesterone 100%, 17a hydroxyprogesterone, 40-70%, 20a hydroxyprogesterone 5%

click to edit

Female Reproductive System

Functions

serve as sites for fertilization & development of the fetus

Ovaries produce egg & female sex hormones

Mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn

Male Reproductive System

Functions

Male ducts & glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract

Production of offspring

Testes produce sperm and male sex hormones