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Reproductive System Shayne Soto P.4 (Anatomy of female ((Uterus (Vagina…
Reproductive System Shayne Soto P.4
Anatomy of female
Uterus
Outer layer
is a serous membrane
Middle Layer (Myometrium)
Allows for the expansion of the uterus during pregnancy and contracts to expel baby
Inner layer
Endometrium has a layer of specialized epithelium which provides for implantation of the fertilized ovum and helps aid in the development of the growing fetus
If fertilization doesn't occur, endometrium deteriorates and causes menstruation
Divided into 3 section
Cervix
Narrow bottom section, which attaches to the vagina
Fundus
The top portion
Body (Corpus)
Middle section
Hollow muscular organ that is pear shaped
Job: Organ of menstruation, allows the development and growth of the fetus and contracts to aid in the expulsion of the fetus during birth
Ovaries also produce hormones that help in the development of the reproductive organs and give rise to the secondary sexual characteristics
When an ovum matures the follicle enlarges and then ruptures to release the mature ovum
Ovaries the female gonads, small and almond shaped and are attached to the uterus by ligaments
Contains thousands of small sacs called follicles with each follicle containing an immature ovum
Occurs usually 28 days
Fallopian Tubes
2 tubes that are 5 inches long and attached to the upper part of the uterus. The ends
the ends have finger like projections which helps move the ovum
Job: Serves as a passageway for the ovum as the ovum moves down toward the uterus. this is where fertilization takes place
Vagina
Lines with a mucous Membrane with a rugae that allows the vagina to expand for childbirth and intercourse
Vagina muscular tube that connects the cervix of the uterus to the outside of the body
Job: Serves as a passageway for the menses, receives sperm and semen from the males, and is the organ of copulation and acts as a birth canal
Barthdins glands each side of the vaginal openings
Secrets mucous for lubrication for intercourse
Anatomy of male
Prostate gland
Cowpers glands located under the prostate
Jobs: Secrete a mucus that serves as a lubricant for intercourse and alkaline fluid which decreases the acidity of urine the resides in the urethra
A donut shaped gland that produces an alkaline secretion that increases the sperm motility and neutralizes the acidity in the vagina
During ejaculation the muscular tissue in the prostate gland contracts to help the expulsion of the semen into the urethra
Testes
Produce male sex cells or spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules that are in each testes and hormones like testosterone
Scotum
Is the sac suspended between the 2 thighs and this is where the testes are housed
Located outside the body, the temp is lower, which is a must for sperm production
Epididymis
Where the Sperm go after they develop in the seminiferous tubules. It is a tightly coiled tube that is around 20 feet long
Its job is to store sperm while they mature and become motile
Produces a fluid that becomes part of the semen and connects with the next tube.
Vas deferens
Receives sperm and fluid from the epididymis, It goes up into the abdominal cavity and cures behind the bladder and joins with the seminal vesicle
Job: Passageway and temporary storage area for perm
Also the tube that gets cut in a vasectomy
Seminal vesicles
2 small pouch like tubes that have a glandular lining that produces a thick yellow fluid rich in sugar that provides nutrients for the sperm. This fluid is a large makeup of semen
Ejaculatory ducts
2 short tubes that are formed from the union of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles
Job: Carry sperm and fluids known collectively as semen though the prostate gland and inot the urethra
Urethra carries both urine and semen
Penis
External male organ that is responsible for depositing semen in the vagina, and the elimination of urine
Reproductive system
Consists of gonads and accessory organs
gonads are the sex glands (testes and ovaries)
Function is to produce life
Although the anatomic parts are different in males and females, they both have the same type of organs
Ducts (tubes) that carry the sex cells and the secretions
Hormones
Testosterone 50%, 2-3dihydrotestosterone (DHT) 100%, DHEA 4%, Androstenodione 8%,
Estrogens
Estadoil
Uses: Development of Secondary female characteristics, regulation of menstrual cycle,
Progestagens
Uses: gestation, supports endometrium, evolves mamillary glands
Progesterone 100%, 17a hydroxyprogesterone, 40-70%, 20a hydroxyprogesterone 5%
Major Functions
Female Reproductive System
Functions
serve as sites for fertilization & development of the fetus
Ovaries produce egg & female sex hormones
Mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn
Male Reproductive System
Functions
Male ducts & glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract
Production of offspring
Testes produce sperm and male sex hormones
Disorders
Orchitis
Prevention includes mumps vaccination and using measures to prevent STDs
Treatment- Antibiotics, antipyretics, scrotal support, and pain meds
S/S- Swelling of the scrotum, pain, fever
Lead to atrophy of the testes and causes sterility
An inflammation of the testes, usually caused by mumps, pathogens, or injury
Epididymis
S/S- Intense pain in the testes, swelling and fever
Frequently occurs with a UTI, or prostate infection, mumps, or a STD
Inflammation of the epididymis
Caused by gonococcus, strep, or staph
If not treated can cause scarring and sterility
Treatments- Antibiotics, Cold applications, scrotal support, and pain meds
Prostatic Hypertrophy or hyperplasia
Is an enlargement of the prostate gland
Common in men over 50 and it can be benign caused by inflammation, a tumor, or a change in hormonal activity or a cancerous condition
S/S -Difficulty in starting to urinate, frequent urination, nocturia, dribbling, UTI, and when urethra is blocked urinary retention
Treatment- Fluid restriction, antibiotics, and prostatic massage, prostatectomy, or a trans urethral resection
Testicular Cancer
Recommended start self exams at the age of 15
S/S- Painless swelling of the testes, a heavy feeling and an accumulation of fluid
Cancer of the testes, usually occurs in men 20-35
Highly malignant and can spread rapidly
Treatments- Orchiectomy
Prostate Cancer
Can have the same symptoms as prostatic hypertrophy or it may not have any symptoms
A screening PSA can detect a substance released by the cancer cells and aid in early detection
Digital exam may show a hard, abnormal mass in the prostate gland
Biopsy will diagnose it
If cancer prostatectomy radiation, and estrogen therapy are main treatments
Hormonal cycle
When a girl reaches puberty, the ovaries, in response to hormones released by the brain, start to release ova. About every 28 days, an ovum is released from the ovaries into one of the fallopian tubes. This proces is called
ovulation.
Menstruation typically lasts from 3 to 5 days. Woman menstruate until they have no eggs left. This usually happens ehen a Woman is about 50. This period is called
menopause