Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

World War I (1914-1918) (Results (Individual) (Shell Shock (PTSD) (Still…

- - - - Countries formed alliances to check the balance of power btwn nations
        
        e.g. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy made an alliance to from the Triple Alliance (1882)
        
        e.g. France, Britain, Russia formed the Triple Entente (1907)
      - Caused many countries to go into the Great War, just because they were allies with a country in the War, even though their own country had nothing to do with it (“security depended on supporting those allies, even when they took foolish risks” (170)).
    - - Extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force, with the goal of amassing an empire
      - Germany jealous over Britain and France's extensive colonialism
    - - Feeling of one's own country is better than the others
      - Resulted in Anti-Austria-Hungarian efforts
      - National pride caused rivalries over colonial and commercial interests
      - Nationalism → Competition/Rivalry → Alliances and an increase in the appeal of war
      - Nationalism greatly tied with war (war was a way to have “preserved national honor”)
        “Governments that had exercised restraint in order to avoid war wound up being publicly humiliated, whereas those that went to the brink of war to maintain their national interest had often been praised for having preserved national honor” (170).
        
        With the encouragement of war as use of “preserv[ing] national honor” and the humiliation of avoiding war, more countries were likely to join WWI, if only to show their country’s strength.
    - - Countries competed over military size over fear of other countries being stronger than theirs
        
        e.g. Germany vs. Britain in number of naval boats
      - The belief that a country should maintain a large armed force as a show of strength and power
      - Militarism “heightened the existing tensions in Europe”, and if war was to happen, it would be “highly destructive”, due to the increase in military strength.
      - Increase in militarism → Increase in military leader influence → Increase in decisions based of military reasons, rather than political
  - - - Archduke of Austria; Ferdinand nest in line of rule the empire bc of cousin death and father's rejection of title; Ferdinand's wife not of royal descent, so wasn't allowed to inherit throne and both not very accepted/like by Austrian aristocracy
      - Beliefs: Very conservative; hated Hungarians, Serbs, Jewish, and other nationalities (very racist and extreme nationalist)
      - Assassinated by Garvilo Princip
        
        Princip Bio
        
        Member of Young Bosnians (violent secret society)
        
        PROCESS
        
        Ferdinand aware of assassination threats
        
        Murder Attempt 1 (Unsuccessful): Bomb thrown at Ferd's car, bounced off, and wounded his men instead
        
        Princip and 2 associates went to Sarajevo to assassinate Ferdinand, who was also visiting Sarajevo (people: Serbs)
        
        Murder Attempt 2 (Successful): Ferd's car stopped in front of Princip, who killed both Ferdinand and his wife with a gun
        
        RESULTS
        
        Many Serbs killed/jailed for assassination, Princip later jailed
        
        They assassinated the wrong guy - while Ferd was an asshole, he didn't want any war with Russia (he put the empire's stability above personal beliefs). Ferdinand was open to the idea of a triple-sate union of Austria, Hungary, and the Slavic peoples (Serbs). When the Serbs killed Ferdinand, they also killed the relationship between the Serbs and Austria, causing the invasion of Serbia and bringing forth war with Russian. (TLDR: Ferdinand was the prevention of WWI, but they killed him)
- - - - The invention of machine guns
      - The invention of the flamethrower
      - Tanks - Designed in 1915 and first used in September 1916.
      - Improvements in the plane and jet.
      - The introduction of the use of gases in war
    - - The invention of trench coats - made to keep soldiers warm in the trenches
      - The usage of daylights saving
      - The introduction of blood banks
      - The introductions of stainless steel
  - - - The decline in Europe helped the growth of the East Asian economies, especially Japan, as Japan provided raw materials Europe brought during the war. On the other hand, India lost its spot as top provider of raw materials.
    - - In October 1918, the British army had defeated the Ottomans. At this point, Britain occupied Baghdad, Damascus, and Jerusalem planning to expand their power. Their occupation in Palestine to create a Jewish state were the seeds of much of the conflict in the land ongoing today.
      - Sykes-Picot Agreement to split up pieces of the Middle East between Britain and France, creating their “spheres of influence” in the region.
- - - - Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or ‘Wobblies’):
        American-based anti-war socialist group. IWW was formed in America in 1906. By 1914, it had more than 10,000 members.
        The IWW protested, stating that WWI was an "imperialist war", fought to "benefit land-hungry governments and profit-hungry industrialists"
      - National Woman's Party (NWP):
        Founded during the women's suffrage movement. The women in this group fought against the war for changes in female power, and because their sons were being drafted.
      - Independent Labour Party (ILP):
        The main anti-war political organization in Britain, a section of the larger radical Labor Party. The Labor Party was known to have forty members in the Parliament, and the Independent Labor Party had at least six. The Independent Labour Party fought against the war as it went against their philosophy of pacifism.
        
        There was hesitation to head into war in Britain, because of the amount of members in the Parliament that were part of the Independent Labor Party (ILP).
- - - - Created ruin for Germany’s economy and political institutions, and tensions between Germany and rest of European countries