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Endocrine System (Physiology of Endocrine System (How the pancreas…

- - - - Insulin (from the beta cells) is secreted in response to high blood glucose levels. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by:
        
        Increasing the uptake of glucose into the cells, where it is metabolised to provide energy
        
        Storing excess glucose as glycogen in the liver. Conversion of glucose to glycogen occurs by a process known as glycogenesis
      - Glucagon (from the alpha cells) is secreted in response to low blood glucose levels. Glucagon raises blood glucose levels by breaking down the glycogen stores in the liver. Conversion of glycogen to glucose occurs (glycogenolysis)
      - Somatostatin (from the delta cells) is mildly inhibitory to the secretions of insulin and glucagon and prevents wild fluctuations in blood glucose levels.
- - - - Acarbose
      - Insulin
      - Chloropropamide
      - Glipizide
  - - - Pancreatitis
        
        Immune destruction of Beta cells
        
        Inherited disorder
        
        Amyloidosis
    - - Down regulation of insulin receptors
        
        Insulin receptor antagonism
        
        Obesity
- - - - dryness, excessive shedding, delayed regrowth of hair, and hair thinning or hair loss (usually the same pattern on both sides), sometimes associated with increased pigmentation over points of wear
      - severe cases, the skin can thicken, especially on the forehead and face, resulting in a puffy appearance and thickened skin folds above the eyes
    - - Bitchs may have irregular or no heat cycles and become infertile, or litter survival may be poor.
      - Males may have lack of libido, small testicles, low sperm count, or infertility.
- - - - Mitotane: Induction dosage of 25–50 mg/kg/day for 7–10 days
        
        Ketaconazole: 5 to 30 mg/kg/day PO