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Reproductive System - Thomas Cruz P.4 (hormones of the reproductive system…
Reproductive System - Thomas Cruz P.4
Major functions of the
Reproductive system
Production of egg and sperm cells (and spermatogenesis and oogenesis)
Mature developing offspring (female reproductive system)
Produce Hormones (Testosterone, Estrogen, etc)
Help complete fertilization
Develop Secondary Sex Characteristics
Anatomy of male and female reproductive structures and their functions
Male
Scrotum
contains the testes within it; regulates the temperature of the testes and can differ in temperatures; acts as a form of protection to the testes
Vas Deferens
transports sperm to urethra; prepares for ejaculation
Testes
help produce sperm; are the male gonads; secrete hormones such as testosterone
Epididymis
helps the sperm mature; transports and stores sperm
Penis
primary male sex organ; urine and sperm exit the body through it
Seminal Vesicle
produces semen; puts semen into the ejaculatory duct
Urethera
ejaculates semen once orgasm has been reached
Female
Uterine Tubes
where fertilization occurs; helps sperm travel to the egg
Cervix
lets blood from uterus out of the vagina; directs sperm into the uterus
Ovaries
produces eggs, estrogen, and progesterone
Labia
divided into the minor and majora; protects the structures of the vulva and the clitoris, urinary and vaginal places
Vagina
helps connect the uterus to the cervix; allows menstruation, sexual intercourse, and birth to happen
Uterus
nurtures the fertilized ovum; the wall of the uterus sheds monthly during menstrual cycle
hormones of the reproductive system;
Testosterone: involved in the development of the testes and prostate; helps grow the secondary sex characteristics
Progesterone: involved with fertility/pregnancy and menstruation
Luteinizing Hormone (LH): triggers ovulation; produces testosterone
Estrogen: primary female sex hormone; creates secondary sex characteristics
Inhibin: inhibits the release of FSH and is secreted by the gonads
Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone: releases FSH and LH from anterior pituitary
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): regulates growth, development, and maturation of the reproductive process
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Proliferate (pre-ovulatory) Phase, Days 5-14: the endometrium rebuilds itself; basal layer of the endometrium generates a new functional layer; ovulation occurs at the 14th day in response to the LH surge from the anterior pituitary
Secretory (post-ovulatory) Phase, Days 15-28: most constant time wise; endometrium prepares for an embryo to implant; cervical plug is formed; corpus luteum degenerates toward the end of the secretory phase as LH blood levels decline
Menstrual Phase, Days 0-4: the uterus sheds all but the deepest part of the endometrium; accompanied by bleeding for 3-5 days; day 4 - growing ovarian follicles start to produce more estrogens
Disorders of the
reproductive system
Cervical Cancer
tested with a Pap smear; risks multiple pregnancies, STIs, and cervical problems; 450,000 affected
Erectile Dysfunction
unable to maintain an erection; can be more common in older males
Testicular Cancer
swelling occurs; two main types; testicular cells become malignant in one or both testes; 1 in 40,000 per year
Prostate Cancer
treated with radiation and therapy; third most common cause cancer death in males; gets worse over time without treatment
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
major cause of infertility; scars uterine tubes; caused by severe inflammation