Reproductive System - Thomas Cruz P.4
Major functions of the
Reproductive system
Anatomy of male and female reproductive structures and their functions
hormones of the reproductive system;
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Disorders of the
reproductive system
Production of egg and sperm cells (and spermatogenesis and oogenesis)
Mature developing offspring (female reproductive system)
Produce Hormones (Testosterone, Estrogen, etc)
Help complete fertilization
Develop Secondary Sex Characteristics
Cervical Cancer
Erectile Dysfunction
Testicular Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
major cause of infertility; scars uterine tubes; caused by severe inflammation
swelling occurs; two main types; testicular cells become malignant in one or both testes; 1 in 40,000 per year
tested with a Pap smear; risks multiple pregnancies, STIs, and cervical problems; 450,000 affected
unable to maintain an erection; can be more common in older males
treated with radiation and therapy; third most common cause cancer death in males; gets worse over time without treatment
Testosterone: involved in the development of the testes and prostate; helps grow the secondary sex characteristics
Progesterone: involved with fertility/pregnancy and menstruation
Luteinizing Hormone (LH): triggers ovulation; produces testosterone
Estrogen: primary female sex hormone; creates secondary sex characteristics
Inhibin: inhibits the release of FSH and is secreted by the gonads
Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone: releases FSH and LH from anterior pituitary
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): regulates growth, development, and maturation of the reproductive process
Male
Female
Scrotum
Vas Deferens
Testes
Epididymis
Penis
Seminal Vesicle
Urethera
primary male sex organ; urine and sperm exit the body through it
help produce sperm; are the male gonads; secrete hormones such as testosterone
contains the testes within it; regulates the temperature of the testes and can differ in temperatures; acts as a form of protection to the testes
transports sperm to urethra; prepares for ejaculation
helps the sperm mature; transports and stores sperm
produces semen; puts semen into the ejaculatory duct
ejaculates semen once orgasm has been reached
Uterine Tubes
Cervix
Ovaries
Labia
Vagina
Uterus
helps connect the uterus to the cervix; allows menstruation, sexual intercourse, and birth to happen
produces eggs, estrogen, and progesterone
where fertilization occurs; helps sperm travel to the egg
lets blood from uterus out of the vagina; directs sperm into the uterus
divided into the minor and majora; protects the structures of the vulva and the clitoris, urinary and vaginal places
nurtures the fertilized ovum; the wall of the uterus sheds monthly during menstrual cycle
- Proliferate (pre-ovulatory) Phase, Days 5-14: the endometrium rebuilds itself; basal layer of the endometrium generates a new functional layer; ovulation occurs at the 14th day in response to the LH surge from the anterior pituitary
Secretory (post-ovulatory) Phase, Days 15-28: most constant time wise; endometrium prepares for an embryo to implant; cervical plug is formed; corpus luteum degenerates toward the end of the secretory phase as LH blood levels decline
- Menstrual Phase, Days 0-4: the uterus sheds all but the deepest part of the endometrium; accompanied by bleeding for 3-5 days; day 4 - growing ovarian follicles start to produce more estrogens