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Hard and Soft Engineering Strategies (Hard Engineering- involves building…
Hard and Soft Engineering Strategies
Hard Engineering-
involves building artificial structures which try to control natural processes
Sea Walls
Advantages:
-Effective prevention of erosion
-Often have a promenade on top
Disadvantages: -reflect wave energy, not absorb it -very expensive to build and maintain
Groynes
Advantages: -Work with natural processes to build up the beach -not too expensive
Disadvantages: -Interrupt LSD and starve beaches -lead to increased erosion elsewhere
Rip Rap
Advantages: -Relatively cheap -Easy to construct and maintain
Disadvantages: -don't fit into local geology -can be very very intrusive
Revetments
Advantages:
-Inexpensive to build
Disadvantages: -intrusive and unnatural looking -can need high levels of maintenance
Offshore breakwater
Advantages:
-permeable barrier
Disadvantages: -visually unappealing -navigation hazard
Soft Engineering-
does not involve building artificial structures, but takes a more sustainable and natural approach to managing the coast
Dune stabilisation
Advantages: -relatively cheap and sustainable -replanting marram grass
Disadvantages: -time consuming
Cliff re-grading and drainage
Advantages: -cost-effective
Disadvantages: -re-grading effectively causes cliff to retreat -can dry out and collapse
Marsh creation
Disadvantages: -land is lost -farmers and landowners need to be compensated
Advantages: - cheap -creates natural defence
Beach nourishment
Advantages: -cheap -looks natural
Disadvantages:
-needs constant maintenance