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Renal Physiology (Solute Reabsorption (The Distal Tubule Segments Reabsorb…

- - - - It contains same concentration of salts and glucose as plasma.
        
        Without tubular reabsorption, the urinary loss of sodium, chloride, potassium, bicarbonate, and glucose.
        
        Then it would need to replace those chemicals constantly by eating more than a pound of salts and drinking more than 50l of water to maintain fluid and salt balance.
  - - - Proximal to the peritubular capillary
        
        Facilitate the movement of tubule fluid components into the blood
        
        Transcellular pathway
        
        Paracellular pathway
  - - - Protein bound in the plasma
        
        Thus poorly filtered by the glomerulus
  - - - Driven by Na+, K+ - ATPase pump un the basolateral plasma membrane
  - - - Contains several distinct epithelial cell types
        
        distal convoluted tubule cells
        
        Intercalated cells
        
        Reabsorb K+
        
        In exchange for hyddrogen ions by an H+, K+ -ATPase pump
        
        Connecting segment cells
        
        Principal cells
        
        Reabsorbs NaCl in the collecting duct
        
        Extensive basolateral plasma membrane infoldings contain Na+, K+ -ATPase
  - - - Increase the permeability of the apical plasma membrane Na+ channels
      - Stimulates Na+, K+ -ATPase activity.
- - - - Encased within Bowman's capsule
        
        Lined with single layer of epithelium
        
        Bowman's space between the tuft and the capsule
        
        Site of collection of the glomerular filtrate
      - Network capillaries
        
        Renal artery
        
        Afferent arteriole
        
        Glomerular capillaries
        
        3 layers of wall capillaries
        
        Viscceral epithelim
        
        Basement membrane
        
        Arranged in 3 layers
        
        Lamina densa
        
        1 more item...
        
        Lamina rara externa
        
        Lamina rara interna
        
        Capillary endothelium
        
        Consist fenestrae that provide channels for passage of water and non cellular components
        
        From blood to second layer of the glomerular basement membrane
  - - - The net filtration pressure
        is difference between the capillary hydrostatic pressure favoring filtration
        
        As blood travels thru the glomerular capillary, component of plasma is forced across the capullary wall
        
        But plasma protein retain in the lumen
        
        Plasma oncotic pressure increases
        
        Decreas in hydrostatic pressure in the capillary