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NON-SELECTIVE ALPHA AGONISTS (EPINEPHRINE/ ADRENALINE (Side effects…
NON-SELECTIVE ALPHA AGONISTS
EPINEPHRINE/ ADRENALINE
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to adrenaline
Local anesthetics
Chronic heart failure
Hypotensive from hypovolema
Side effects
Nausea, vomitting
Tremors, weakness
Hyperglycemia, hypokalemia
Decreased renal perfusion
Gangrene on injected site, skin necrosis
Dyspnoea, pulmonary oedema
Arrhythmias, chest pain, hypertension
Tissue ischemia
Anxiety, dizziness
Indications
Anaphylaxis and induction
Maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgeries
Emergency treatment for hypersensitivity reactions
Hypotension due to septic shock
Ventricular fibrillation
Storage condition
Store at room temperature between 15-30 degrees C
Mechanism of action
Sympathomimetic catecholine
Exerts its effects on alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
Uses a G protein-linked second messenger system
On alpha-1 receptors it induces increased vascular smooth muscle contraction, pupillary dilator mucsle contraction and intestinal sphincter muscle contraction.
Via beta-1 receptors it increases heart rate, myocardial contractility and release renin.
On beta-2 receptors it produces bronchodilation, usefulmas an adjunct treatment for asthma, also causes vasodilation, tovolysis and increased aqueous humor production.
Route of administration
Intramuscular injection
NOREPINEPHRINE
Contraindications
Peripheral vascular thrombosis
Halothane anesthetics
Hypotensive blood volume deficits
Side effects
Ischemic injury
Tissue hypoxia
Bradycardia
Arrhythmias, anxiety
Confusion, headache
Tremors
Nausea, vomiting
Indications
Cardiac Surgery; post-op low cardiac output
Acute hypotension
Shock
Cardiac arrest
Storage conditions
Store at room temperature not above 25 degrees C.
After dilution store for a time of 24 hours max.
Mechanism of action
Peripheral vasoconstrictor
Acts on alpha adrenergic receptors
Inotropic stimulator of the heart
Dilates the coronary arteries as a result of its effect at the beta adrenergic receptors
Differs from epinepgrine by the absence of methyl group of nitrogen.
Route of administration
Intravenous (IV) injection