Reproductive System Tiffany Silvas p.4
Major functions of the
Reproductive system
Anatomy of male and female reproductive structures & their functions
Events of the Female Hormonal Cycles
Hormones of the Reproductive System
Disorders of the
Reproductive System
Male
Female
To transport and sustain these cells
To nurture the developing offspring
To produce egg and sperm cells.
To produce hormones
To maintain sperm
To transport sperm
To produce sperm
To nourish sperm
Male
Penis- The penis is the male organ FUNCTION- for sexual intercourse
Scrotum- The scrotum is the loose pouch-like sac of skin that hangs behind the penis. FUNCTION acts as a climate control system for the testes.
Epididymis- long, coiled tube that rests on the backside of each testicle. FUNCTION- responsible for producing the sperm cells
Vas deferens- The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that travels from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity, to just behind the bladder. FUNCTION- transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.
Ejaculatory ducts- formed by the fusion of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles. FUNCTION- empty into the urethra
Urethra-The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body. FUNCTION- expelling (ejaculating) semen when the man reaches orgasm.
Seminal vesicles- sac-like pouches that attach to the vas deferens near the base of the bladder. FUNCTION- produce a sugar-rich fluid (fructose)
Prostate gland- The prostate gland is a walnut-sized structure that is located below the urinary bladder in front of the rectum. FUNCTION- contributes additional fluid to the ejaculate.
Bulbourethral glands- The bulbourethral glands, or Cowper’s glands, are pea-sized structures located on the sides of the urethra FUNCTION- produce a clear, slippery fluid that empties directly into the urethra.
Female
Testes- The testes are oval organs. FUNCTION- responsible for making testosterone
Fallopian Tubes- pair of muscular tubes that extend from the left and right superior corners of the uterus. FUNCTION- transports things
Uterus- hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ located posterior and superior to the urinary bladder. FUNCTION- it surrounds and supports the developing fetus during pregnancy.
Vagina- muscular tube that connects the cervix of the uterus to the exterior of the body. FUNCTION- receptacle for the penis during sexual intercourse and carries sperm to the uterus and fallopian tubes.
Vulva- collective name for the external female genitalia located in the pubic region of the body. FUNCTION- surrounds the external ends of the urethral opening.
Ovaries- a pair of small glands about the size and shape of almonds. FUNCTION- produce female sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone as well as ova.
Breasts- specialized organs of the female body that contain mammary glands, milk ducts, and adipose tissue. FUNCTION- produce milk to feed infants.
Luteinising hormone (LH)- stimulating the release of the egg.
Estrogen and Oestrogen- the primary female sex hormones.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)- causing maturation of an egg in the ovary-
Testosterone- the primary male sex hormone and anabolic steroid.
Progesterone- female sex hormone also an endogenous steroid.
the follicular phase- starts on the first day of menstruation and ends with ovulation. Prompted by the hypothalamus.
ovulation- the release of a mature egg from the surface of the ovary. This usually occurs mid-cycle, around two weeks or so before menstruation starts.
Menstruation- the elimination of the thickened lining of the uterus (endometrium) from the body through the vagina
the luteal phase- the egg bursts from its follicle, but the ruptured follicle stays on the surface of the ovary.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)- happens when a woman’s ovaries or adrenal glands produce more male hormones than normal.
Prostate cancer- occurs in the prostate (a small walnut-shaped gland in men that produces the seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)- infections that you can get from having sex with someone who has the infection. The causes of STDs are bacteria, parasites, and viruses. There are more than 20 types of STDs.
Erectile dysfunction (ED)- is the inability to get or keep an erection firm enough to have sexual intercourse.