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Hematopoietic Diseases (Leukemia (Pathogenesis (Abnormal cells appear in…

- - - - Infections leading to fever
      - Hepatomegaly
      - Bleeding manifestations
      - Meningeal involvement
      - Anemia producing lethargy and dyspnoea
    - - Anemia producing weakness and dyspnoea
      - Splenomegaly
      - Bleeding and hemorrhagic manifestations
      - Infections, particularly of the respiratory tract
- - - - Small RBCs
      - Retarded growth
      - Fetal death
      - Dark urine
    - - Life-threatening anemia
      - Does not gain weight and does not grow at expected rate
      - Jaundice
      - May have enlarged spleen, liver, and heart, and bones may be misshape
  - - - RBC count
      - Hemoglobin electrophoresis
      - Physical exam
      - Mutational analysis
    - - Complete blood count
      - Hemoglobin electrophoresis with A2 quantitation
  - - - Defective synthesis of alpha-globin genes resulting in depressed production of hemoglobins.
      - Due to deletion of one or more alpha-chain genes.
    - - Genetic deficiency in beta-globin chains.
      - In homozygous, causes severe transfusion-dependent anemia.
      - In heterozygous, causes mild to moderate microcytic anemia.
  - - - Folate supplements
      - Bone marrow transplant
      - Regular blood transfusions
      - Chelation therapy
      - Splenectomy
    - - Medications
      - Surgical removal of the spleen
      - Regular blood transfusions
      - Daily doses of folic acid
      - Possible surgical removal of gall bladder
      - Bone marrow transplant