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WWI Concept Map, Treaty of Versailles - Coggle Diagram
WWI Concept Map
CAUSES
MILITARISM
Created a sense of competition between countries, creates arms races
Germany and Britain in naval race, kind of similar to cold war-- also creates fear/ need to innovate
IMPERIALISM
Involvement in Africa: Britain and France made Germany jealous of scramble, feared they were losing power/ capital
MOBILIZATION
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A form (or consequence) of mobilization could be propaganda. The need for a draft and/or resources for the army intensified as they grew in numbers, which was a result of them feeling as though they needed a larger army for what was coming. Propaganda also instilled the mindset the military/government wanted people to have in order to help their mobilization
NATIONALISM
Created somewhat of a superiority compelx in each of the nations- they were more important/powerful than others
creates an anti- Austrian-Hungarian feeling in Serbia, eventually contributing to the assassination of Franz Ferdinand
Government promoted nationalism through propaganda campaigns in order to supply the war with the moral and resources necessary to mobilize
ALLIANCES
TRIPLE ENTENTE between UK, France, Russia (made in 1907)
TRIPLE ALLIANCE between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (made in 1882)
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Trigger Point: the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary-- broke the building tension between alliances/ neighboring countries
The Schlieffen Plan
In an attempt to prevent a two-front war on Germany and weaken the alliance between France and Russia, it did the exact opposite
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Espionage
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Surge of espionage caused paranoia amongst the public and also forced countries to continue to innovate.
Most spies integrated into society well, leaving subtle tells like bread or newspapers.
Codemaking became an integral role in espionage, and was the most successful form of it at the time.
Codemaking became an integral role in espionage, and was the most successful form of it at the time, like morse code.
Anti-War Protests
Anti-war protest weakened a country’s nationalism (essentially the reverse effects of propaganda) and therefore their moral, which hurt many countries in the long run. Activists
Hellen Keller
a deaf and blind activist who spoke against the draft in that the men drafted were being misled by the government.
Anna Louis Strong
an American journalist who was a prominent voice in denouncing militarism in the Seattle chapter of the American Union
A League of Nations
An anti-war group formed on October 13, 1918 which used ballots and speeches to display alternatives to war.
Eugene V. Debs
On June 16, 1918, Eugene V. Debs made an anti-war speech and was later arrested by authorities as a result of him violating the Espionage Act of 1971. His speech degraded the reputation of the US
WWI in Asia
Asians joined colonial forces as a result of propaganda promising good wages for soldiers, and the famine and hardship happening in Vietnam. Nearly two million Asians went to the battlefields in Europe during WWI
Chinese soldiers were a large aid to the triple Alliance’s labor shortages, China also saw the war as an opportunity to redefine their global power.
Japan allied with the Entente due to their alliance with Britain since 1902.Their major motive was to gain German possessions and territories.
India played a large role in WWI, and they were a British colony. Over one million Indian soldiers fought overseas, 62,000 of which died.
Role of Women
Women took vagrancies in the workplace when the men enlisted or were drafted in the army. They typically worked in war production and agriculture.
Women in America on the homefront were expected to supply the military with food and/or become military nurses
Women were able to serve as soldiers in Russia, Bulgaria, Romania and Serbia
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare was employed for many of the larger battles on the Western Front. Soldiers dug trenches, which were below the ground level and provided basic shelter and acted as a shield from a lot of the artillery.
Trenches were in awful conditions, usually being full with mud, disease, and rats.
Disease spread quickly in the trenches due to the soldiers' close proximity to one another and the lack of accessible modern medicine.
PTSD ("Shell Shock")
PTSD surged during WWI due to the brutality and chaos of trench warfare, which affected millions.
Doctors and nurses were completely blindsided by “shell shock” because they did not know how to treat it, as it is a psychological condition.
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Animals in WWI
Animals played a huge role in propagnada with things like dogs, horses, and birds symbolizing a country to promote patriotism typically fighting with another animal to demonize the enemy. They were also generally pictured on the frontlines of the war to get people to support the military
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WWI in the Middle East
Many european powers that had colonized the middle east in the nineteenth century took the war as an opportunity to define new political boundaries.
The entente declared war on Turkey in 1914, making them part of the central powers.
Treaty of Versailles
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Major Actors in the ToV
"The Big Four"-- America, Great Britain, France, and Italy were the major actors from the allies that formed the ToV
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson's fourteen points illustrated the more democratic, idealistic viewpoint in the post war conference, advocating for a more fair punishment.
Wilson advocated for the creation of the League of Nations being inclusive of all countries, including Germany, and that the reparations and guilt should not solely fall on them.
Wilson emphasized the importance of secure borders and open seas/trade to keep peace. He also empahsized the importance of neutrality and the dangers of alliances.
The League of Nations
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The members, especially the Big Four, were in control of the mandates from former German colonies and shaping post-war Eurasia.