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Populations and Ecosystems - Coggle Diagram
Populations and Ecosystems
Concepts
Population
Multiple individuals of the same species in a habitat
Community
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All populations together
Ecosystem
Populations and communities considered with physical and nonliving environments
Plants in Relationship to their Habitats
Abiotic Components
Climate
Critically important to all organisms
Outside components
Tolerance Range
What each species can survive in
Soil Factors
Pioneers
First plants to invade a new soil
A Horizon
Top layer of soil
Consists of litter and debris
B Horizon
Second layer of soil
Zone where things from A horizon collect
C Horizon
Deepest layer of soil
Composed mostly of rock and fragments
Latitude and Altitude
Organisms have to adapt
Disturbance
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Things like fires, landslides, snow avalanches, and floods
Things that are not normal in an environment
Harms many populations/communities
Biotic Components
The Plant Itself
Modifies its habitat and is part of it
Other Plant Species
Mutualism
Reactions between multiple species that benefit each one
Competition
Reactions been multiple species that do not benefit each one
Competitive exclusion
Result of competition in one theory
Niche
Particular set of conditions that no species are adapted to
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Organisms other than plants
Commensal Relationships
Relationship where one species benefits, the other is unaffected
Predation
One species benefits and the other is harmed
Pathogenic
Bacteria or fungi that harm plants
Structure of Populations
Geographic Distribution
Limiting factor
One factor determines health of plant
Any factor can act as limiting factor
Local Geographic Distribution
Random Distribution
There is no obvious, identifiable pattern to position of individuals
Clumped Distributions
Spacing between plants
Uniform Distributions
Types that occur in orchards
Age Distribution
Generation Time
Length of time between birth and reproduction of individual
Biotic potential
Intrinsic Rate of Natural Increase
Number of offspring produced by an individual
Carrying Capacity
Number of individuals of a species an ecosystem can hold
r- and K- selection
r- selection
r- selected species
Typically annuals or small shrubby perennials
K- selection
K- Selected Species
Face intense competition from plant species
Douglas-firs, bristle-cone pines
Can occur next to eachother
Structure of Ecosystems
Physiognomic Structure
Physical size and shape of organisms and distribution in relation to each other
Temporal Structure
Changes that an ecosystem goes through overtime
Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall
Species Composition
Refers to number and diversity of species tht coexist
Trophic Levels
Feeding levels
Primary producers
Autotrophs
