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Macromolecules, Juan Pablo Solís Ruiz A01067387 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Carbohydrates are the sugars, starches and
        fibers found in fruits, grains, vegetables and
        milk products
        Carbohydrates can also be defined
        chemically as neutral compounds of carbon,
        hydrogen and oxygen
        
        Classification
        
        ● Monosaccharides: one
        carbohydrate unit
        ● Disaccharides: two mono
        saccharides units
        ● OligoSaccharides: few Mono
        Saccharides
        ● Polysacharides
        
        Trioses (C3H6O3)
        Tetroses (C4H8O4)
        Pentoses (C5H10O5)
        Hexoses (C6H12O6)
        Heptoses (C7H14O7)
      - Like some other monosaccharides, hexoses exist in two
        forms, open-chain (linear) or closed-chain (cyclic), that
        easily convert into each other in water solutions
        
        The α and β anomers of glucose.
        
        The linear form of a hexose, which usually exists
        only in solutions
      - Examples
  - - - A lipid is any of various organic
        compounds that are insoluble
        in water. They include fats,
        waxes, oils, hormones, and
        certain components of
        membranes and function as
        energy-storage molecules and
        chemical messengers.
        
        Classification
        
        A fatty acid is a
        carboxylic acid with a
        long aliphatic chain,
        which is either
        saturated or
        unsaturated
        
        Examples
        
        Olive Oil
        
        Omega 3
  - - - The monomers of the proteins are the amino acids
        
        They are composed by an amine and a carboxilic acid
      - A peptide bond is a chemical
        bond formed between two
        molecules when the carboxyl
        group of one molecule reacts
        with the amino group of the
        other molecule, releasing a
        molecule of water (H2O).
      - Examples
        
        Kinesin
  - - - They are composed of
        nucleotides, which are the
        monomers made of three
        components: a 5-carbon
        sugar, a phosphate group
        and a nitrogenous base.
        
        If the sugar is a
        compound ribose, the
        polymer is RNA
        (ribonucleic acid); if the
        sugar is derived from
        ribose as deoxyribose,
        the polymer is DNA
        (deoxyribonucleic acid).
      - DNA, made by polymerizing deoxyribonucleotides, forms a double-stranded molecule used for information storage.
        
        RNA, made by polymerizing
        ribonucleotides,
        forms single-stranded
        molecules used in
        information
        processing.