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Chapter 7 (7.1 (Elements (Bonds (Peptide bond (Formed when acid end of one…

- - - - Deals with matter that was never living; and does not contain carbon
    - - Deals with matter that is now living or was alive; contains carbon which is present in all plants and animals
    - - Deals with chemicals related to life processes and their reaction within the body
      - Biochemical compound groups
        
        Protiens
        
        Carbohydrates
        
        Lipids
  - - - Physically
      - Chemically
      - Sublimination
  - - - Protons + Neutrons = Nucleus
        also are the atomic weight of element
    - - Organized by Periodic Law
    - - 2+ of same elements atoms joined together = molecule
      - Compound = 2 DIFFERENT element atoms joining together
        
        Chemical reactions that create new compounds can be either:
        
        Oxidation
        
        loses electron, requires oxygen
        
        Reduction
        
        gains an electron; oxygen is released
        
        These create either IONIC or COVALENT bonds
        
        Covalent if SHARING electron
        
        Ionic when positive and negative ions join
    - - Sulfur
      - Carbon
      - Oxygen
    - - Peptide bond
        
        Formed when acid end of one amino acid attaches to amino end of another
      - Hydrogen bond
        
        Hydrogen atom in one molecule attracted to atom of another molecule w NEGATIVE electrons
      - Salt bond
        
        Negative charge in one amino acid grouping attracts the positive charge in another
      - Disulfide bond
        
        Most important bond in salon profession of work
- - - - More negative hydroxide ions
    - - More positive hydrogen ions than negative ions
    - - Pure distilled water has a pH of 7
        
        Hard water may contain salts such as magnesium
        
        Soft water contains very few minerals
      - Acid balanced means balanced within the acid range of 4.5 to 5.5
      - 7 is the mid-point or the point of neutrality
  - - - Increase density in emulsions and gels
    - - Comedogenicity
        
        Ingredients likely to block
        or clog the pores
        
        Non-comedogenic
        
        Ingredients not likely to block or clog the pores
    - - Organic ingredients that bind water and deposit it onto the skin
    - - Lubricants used in cosmetic products to keep them firm yet soft
    - - Oils and oil-soluble substances used to condition and soften the skin by providing a protective lipid coating
    - - Universal Solvent
    - - moisturizing properties
    - - Maintain the microbiological integrity or product quality during manufacturing, storage, and usage by the consumer
    - - Used to increase the thickness of cosmetic
  - - - a mixture of two or more nonmixible substances
    - - a finely ground solid mixed evenly with additional ingredients
    - - a hard, low-level water product applied by rubbing directly on the face
    - - even dispersion of a solid substance in a liquid base
    - - Two or more substances blended together physically instead of chemically