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An elderly female patient with a history of osteoporosis, chronic type 2…
An elderly female patient with a history of osteoporosis, chronic type 2 diabetes mellitus, and high blood pressure notices blood in her urine
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structure of a nephron
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renal tubule
PCT: first region of the renal tubule composed of simple cuboidal epithelium & apical microvilli that significantly increases surface area, and reabsorption capacity
DCT: originates from the thick ascending limb of the nephron loop lined with small,
simple cuboidal epithelium and short apical microvill
Nephron loop: originates at the bend in the PCT, consisting of an ascending limb and descending
limb
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High blood glucose levels in the blood can damage the filtering units in the kidneys, the kidneys become damaged and albumin is able to pass through the filters and enter the urine
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causes blood vessels to constrict and narrow, reducing the blood flow to the kidneys. Kidneys can no longer remove all wastes and extra fluid from your body
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osteoporosis: damages kidneys leading to abnormal amounts of hormone secretion and not enough blood cells produced
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if left untreated it could cause cancer, kidney disease, severe pain
osteoporosis: serious bone fractures, disabilities, chronic pain and death
hypertension: heart attack, blood clots, kidney failure, stroke
DM2: heart attack, stroke, nerve damage, death
Glomerular filtration: movement of substances from the blood within the glomerulus into capsular space
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structures involved in this: efferent and afferent arterioles, glomerulus, glomerular capsule, capsular space