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Development of Seeds and Fruits in Angiosperms (Seeds (Seed Structure…
Development of Seeds and Fruits in Angiosperms
Seeds
the structures containing embryo plant for the next generation
surrounded by a seed coat and contains the embryo axis and the cotyledons
contain either one cotyledon(monocotyledonous plants) or two cotyledon(dicotyledonous plants)
germination involves the activation of processes in the embryo
mobilization of food reserves
elongation
cell division
Fruits
is a ripened ovary
Seeds
Seed Structure
Seed coat
protect the seed
in dicots
testa
outer coat
tegmen
inner coat
embryo
plumule
consisting of the apical meristem and the first true leaves of the young plant
radicle
the rudimentary shoot of a plant that supports the cotyledons in the seed
from which the root from the embryo is developed downward
hypocotyl
in plants with seeds, the portion of th embryo or seedling between the root and cotyledons
Coleoptile
protects emerging shoot in monocotyledons
Scutellum
in monocotyledons
very thin, high surface area
functions to absorb nutrients from endosperm during germination
Epicotyl
grow into shoot
Radicle
grow into primary root
Seed development
Hypocotyl
connects epicotyl and radicke
Testa
forms outer covering of seed
Cotyledons
form seed leaves
Fruits Development
From flower to fruit
flower(after fertilization)
petals wither
ovary begins to swell
petals drop off
seeds develop inside the fruit, fruit grows bigger
Types of development
True fruit
develop after fertilization
after fertilization, ovary developed of the flowers
ripened ovary grows into fruit
False fruit @ accessory fruit
derived from floral parts other than ovary
Partenocarpic fruit
seedless fruit that are formed without fertilization
morphology of typical fruit
pericarp
develops from ovary wall
maybe dry or fleshy
fleshy pericarp consist of
epicarp
mesocarp
endocarp
seeds
types of fruit
simple
develop from single carpel @ fused carpel of a singke ovary
dry fruit
not fleshy, fruit wall not distinguised
succulent fruit
pericarp can be distinguised, mesocarp is fleshy or fibrous, dehiscent
aggregate
develops from more than one carpel that fused together forming the entire fruit
multiple @ composite
develops from a cluster of flowers(inflorescence)
flowers fused together to form fruit
accessory fruit
develops from ripened ovary(s) buat also has tissue derived from part of the plant outside the ovary
some flesh not derived from ovary
formes from another part of flower