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Elderly female patient comes to the doctor because she has noticed urine…
Elderly female patient comes to the doctor because she has noticed urine in her blood. She has a history of osteoporosis, chronic Type II diabetes and high blood pressure.
Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is defined as low bone mass, causing increased fragility. The highest cause of osteoporosis for both men and women are either hormonal imbalances or lack of calcium. With high blood pressure, the amount of calcium that is excreted in urine is increased which can accelerate osteoporosis.
Effects on Kidneys:
High blood pressure will cause the arteries feeding the kidneys overtime to weaken and either narrow or harden due to the increase force, diminishing kidney function.
Because your kidneys filter the blood for excess/waste material, if DM Type II is left unchecked for long enough your kidneys could potentially not filter out everything necessary, causing an excess buildup of blood sugar in the bloodstream.
URINARY SYSTEM
Kidneys: The kidneys are a pair of organs located below the ribs and are the start of the urinary system. These have functions such as regulating blood pressure, removing waste from the blood and producing erythropoietin.
Ureters: The ureter is a tube that is attached to each kidney and carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The walls of the ureter contain muscles that can contract and relax to force urine down towards the bladder.
Bladder: The bladder is a sac like triangular shaped organ located near the pelvis. The bladder can contract and expand to store urine, and can flatten itself to push urine through the urethra.
Sphincters: These are muscles that sit right at the exit of the bladder that allow the release of the urine.
Urethra: This is the tube that allows the urine to be released from the body and excreted out of the body. This is caused by the brain signaling the sphincter muscles to relax and let urine flow.
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Patient's Disorders:
Osteoporosis: This is a condition in which bones lose density and mass and as a result become weak and brittle. This is caused by bone creation not being able to keep up with bone removal and is typically caused by a calcium deficiency or some hormonal imbalance.
DM Type II: Diabetes is categorized as the body having too much glucose in the bloodstream. Type 2 specifically is whenever the insulin receptors are very resistant or the body cannot produce enough insulin to lower blood sugar.
High Blood Pressure: High blood pressure is when the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high. Temporary hypertension typically does not cause symptoms, but long term exposure can cause health conditions such as cardiovascular diseases or strokes.
Type II Diabetes: If type 2 diabetes is not well treated, hyperglycemia overtime can clog the blood vessels leading into the kidneys and can cause damage in flow.
High Blood Pressure: The kidneys regularly filter wastes and other products. If a patient has high blood pressure for a long enough period of time, the arteries around the kidneys can either narrow or weaken, causing decreased blood flow.
All of these symptoms are interrelated because each condition deals with the kidney or the bloodstream in one way or another.
Most likely, the patient has some sort of kidney damage that causes the blood to leak into the urine. The patient most likely has a symptom called hematuria, or bloody urine. This is caused by the filtration aspects of the kidney being defective and allowing things into the urine that should not be there.
People who suffer from diabetes often have poorer bone quality and are at an increased risk of fractures from osteoporosis. Combine that with high blood pressure, causing a person to pee out too much calcium, and there you have all 3 working together to make your bones as weak as possible.