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3018 L10 (Nephrotic Syndrome (Nursing Management (◦ May require potassium…

- - - - ◦ Fluid volume deficit related to fluid loss from a variety of causes
      - ◦ Fluid volume excess related to inability of the kidneys to produce urine secondary to ARF
      - ◦ Altered nutrition: less than body requirements related to anorexia and altered metabolic state secondary to renal failure
      - ◦ Risk for impaired skin integrity related to poor cellular nutrition and edema
      - ◦ Risk for infection related to lowered resistance
      - ◦ Anxiety related to unknown outcome of disease process
- - - - 8-hour fasting blood glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dl
      - Random blood glucose level ≥ 200 mg/dl Accompanied by classic signs of diabetes
      - Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ≥ 200 mg/dl in 2-hour
      - Hemoglobin A1C test ≥ 6.5%
  - - - Causes
      - is characterized by ain beta cell activity,uptake of insulin by peripheral muscle cells or an increase in glucose production by the liver. Overtime, the beta cells of the pancreas fail and exogenous insulin injections may be required.
      - S & S:
      - polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria are minimal as the pancreas still maintains some capability to produce and secrete insulin.
  - - - ◦Insulin Therapy
      - ◦ Nutrition
      - ◦ Exercise
      - Oral antidiabetic drugs
  - - - Causes: an autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas.
      - S&S:
      - characterized by polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, increased frequency of infections, loss of weight and
      - strength, irritability and often ketoacidosis because there is no /low insulin secretion from the pancreas.
      - Therapy:
      - Patients require administration of exogenous insulin.
      - Insulin dosage adjustment is easily affected by inconsistent patterns of physical activity and dietary irregularities.