Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Community Ecology (Concepts (Climax community (Spruce-fur forest…
Community Ecology
Concepts
Community
Group of species
Occur together at the same time and place
Succession
Predictable sequence of changes
New groups of organisms
Alter their habitats
Climax community
Spruce-fur forest
Stability
Undergoes a disturbance
#
Community restoration
Reintroducing animals to habitats
Restoring natural life
Habitat loss
Habitat fragmentation
Human impact on wildlife
Diversity
Communities consist of more than one species
Checklist
Taking account of all species
Species richness
Always incomplete
Prokaryote and fungi
Diversity and Scale
Scale matters
Large areas are more diverse
Species-area relationship
Relationship between area and species
S=CA^z
Species abundance distribution
Number of species in each abundance class
Diversity and Latitude
Higher latitude have severe conditions
Equator has benign environments
Beneficial Interaction Between Species
Both species benefit
Mutualism
Mutualistic relationship
Pollinators and plants
One organism helping another without benefit
Facilitation
#
First organism facilitates the other
Bevears when creating dams
Nurse plants
Alter a small area of habitat
Immediately below themselves
Spiny desert shrubs
Primary Succession
Organisms become on newly created substrates
Volcanoes produce new substrate
Metapopulations in Patchy Environments
Source habitat
High quality
Several local populations are interconnected
Metapopulation
Sink habitat
Low quality
Fungi species
Survives by colonizing new patches
Predator-Prey Interactions
One Predator, One Prey
Primary producer consumed by consumer
Functional response
Feeding rate and handling time
Prey density
Prey-dependent
Zero growth isocline
Population stability
Paradox of enrichment
Predator and prey lost
Loss of species diversity
Maximum sustained yield
Harvest enough species
Keep population density up
Alternative is fixed effort harvesting
Harvested with effort
Keeping numbers of species high
Fixed quota harvesting
Fisherman or hunters
Allowed to harvest a set amount
Predator Selection Among Multiple Prey
Abundant species are consumed more
Optimal foraging theory
Examine interactions of what herbivores eat
Optimal diet model
Predators should prefer most energy efficient prey
Lower energy prey if in abundance
Eat prey that might not be easy to obtain
Competition Between Species
#
Species compete for the same resources
Exploitation competition
Consumption of a shared resource
Interference competition
Restriction of food from one organism to another
Invasive
Species increase from low population density
Resource
Factor that leads to increased growth rates
Apparent competition
May appear in competition
Interconnectedness of Species
Food chains and food webs
Food chain
Direct line of consumption
Food web
Network of numerous interrelationships
Energy flow web
How energy flows through a community
Three trophic levels
Primary producer
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Keystone species
Affects structure to community
