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Wood, wine & whisky (History (Celtic tribes (ability to smelt iron…

- - - - 1.1.1 It was a main bulk container
    - - 1.2.1. Slack barrel
        
        1.2.1.1. barrels which are not liquidtight
      - 1.2.2. Tight barrel
        
        1.2.2.1watertight cooperage
    - - 1.3.1 shape - easy to roll
    - - 1.4.1. 350 BC by Celtic tribes
    - - 1.6.1 wine & spirits aging
    - - 1.7.1 american oak
      - 1.7.2 european oak
    - - 1.8.1.kegs
      - 1.8.2. barrels
      - 1.8.3. casks/butts/hogsheads/puncheons
      - 1.8.4. vatts/tanks
- - - - develop the needed tools
      - 1300 BC - 200 AD apogee of Celtic culture
      - bronze and iron was most commonly used metals
      - by 800 - 500 BC they had all needed iron tools
    - - placing two buckets end to end
    - - German tribes - beer
    - - new ideas, services and goods was flowing from Mediterranean
    - - they import wine
      - they didn't grow their own grapes
  - - - Ships started to sail
      - from AD 1000 to 1400
    - - 14 ABV or more
      - Celts diluted it with water
    - - there wasn't enough barrels on the market
      - there wasn't any repair service at that time
      - they was more expensive than amphorae
    - - in barrels was most likely accidental
      - they mostly didn't age wine at that time
      - if they do - it was ceramic container
      - in the middle ages
        
        wooden barrel were in common use
        
        not in the vinters cellar
        
        usually in the traders cellar
        
        after shipment barrels remained in storage
        
        Ageing would have occured
    - - wine trade. Bordeaux.
        
        with Netherlands
        
        cognac and armagnac brands were established
        
        with Britain
      - cooperage developed in own trade
        
        the whole new industry of producing barrels
  - - - the strongest shape from clay
      - could be placed in mud
    - - first consumer package
      - one ship could hold up to 5000 pcs
  - - - 1000 AD wooden buckets and tanks for sake
    - - no evidence of making barrels
      - until the arrival of europeans