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70yo F, moved from TX to Denver, CO. Developed dyspnea, shallow tachypnea,…

- - - - Each lobe divides into bronchopulmonary segments, separated by septa (connective tissue)
        
        Left Superior Lobe = 4 segments
        
        Left Inferior Lobe = 5 segments
  - - - Each lobe divides into bronchopulmonary segments, separated by septa (connective tissue)
        
        Right Superior Lobe = 3 segments
        
        Right Middle Lobe = 2 segments
    - - Each lobe divides into bronchopulmonary segments, separated by septa (connective tissue)
        
        Right Inferior Lobe = 5 segments
  - - - Left Primary Bronchi enters hilum of Left Lung
        
        Branch into 2 Lobar Bronchi, one for each lobe
        
        Each branches into Tertiary Bronchi
        
        Further branches until Bronchioles (<1mm diameter)
        
        Terminal Bronchioles (<0.5mm diameter)
        
        Respiratory Bronchioles lead to Alveolar Ducts
        
        1 more item...
      - Right Primary Bronchi enters hilum of Right Lung
        
        Branch into 3 Lobar Bronchi, one for each lobe
        
        Each branches into Tertiary Bronchi
        
        Further branches until Bronchioles (<1mm diameter)
        
        Terminal Bronchioles (<0.5mm diameter)
        
        Respiratory Bronchioles lead to Alveolar Ducts
        
        1 more item...
- - - - Alveoli surrounded by elastic fibers, pulmonary capillaries, & resp. membrane. 2 Types Alveolar Cells:
        
        Type 1 = majority; simple squamous epithelium
        
        Type 2 = scattered cuboidal epithelium; secretes surfactant/antimicrobial proteins
- - - - Gas exchange across membrane via simple diffusion
        
        O2 diffuses from alveoli into capillaries
        
        CO2 diffuses from blood into alveoli & expired
- - - - Solubility - more CO2 than O2 dissolves in water
      - Temp - higher liquid temp = decreased gas solubility
- - - - Atmospheric pressure/PO2 levels also decrease
        
        O2 molecules in air further apart, reducing O2 content per breath
        
        Fall in atmospheric pressure decreases partial pressure of inspired O2
  - - - Allows O2 to move from blood to tissues
    - - CO2 moves from tissues into blood, expired out of lungs
- - - - Inflammatory material reduces surface area by blocking gas flow into alveoli
        
        Less surface area = less gas exhange = difficulty breathing
- - - - Alveoli collapse, no gas exchange, then ultimately death