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Ovine: Lameness (Ovine Digital Dermatitis (Footrot (Dx (Method (Select…
Ovine:
Lameness
Flock Lameness
Presentation
Going down after exercise, refusal to move, limping, grazing on knees, lame, swelling, stiff, ataxia, loss of BCS, hunched
Clinical Investigation
Look at sheep
in paddock
(calculate % lame. <2-3%=OK)
Drive/ move
sheep
3.
Tip
lame sheep and examine
feet
Examine their
joints
Consider
possible cause
s
If Ovine Interdigital Dermatitis= Footrot or Foot absces
s (other= laminitis, strawberry foot, blue tongue, FMD, ORF)
Normal
DRAW IMAGE
Ovine Digital Dermatitis
Aka: Foot Scald (NZ), Clover Burn
Who:
goats
(severe), sheep, cattle, deer
WHY= WET CONDITIONS
Dx/CS=
interdigital skin inflammed,
swollen
covered with a
moist
film of
necrotic material
Path
DRAW IMAGE
Footrot
Severe,
CONTAGIOUS,
worldwide=
WEAR GLOVES
Who: all ages,
sheep (Merino
)> goats
Path
1. Virulent Footrot=
NOTIFIABLE IN WA (usually too dry)
2. Benign Footrot
(looks like OID and foot abscess)
DRAW IMAGE
(
Keratolytic activity
= eats away at the hoof)
Transmission
Cattle: benign source
Virulent
FR reservoir=
infected sheep,
lesion seeps onto pasture (2wks)
Benign
FR reservoir=
interdigital skin infected sheep
Env=
infected
sheep to other sheep
(2 wks if wet,
long stem grass- abrasions)
Dx
Isolation of
D. nodosus
Heat stability (benign= unstable)
DNA Test
Method
Select sheep with active lesions
Collect scrapings= sterile scalpel blade (interdigital area)
Stuart's transport media
Smear on slide, dry
CAN SPREAD IN 2 WEEKS- NEED TO DO PX CONCURRENTLY
INITIALLY=
swelling, hyperaemia, moist, hair loss
VIRULENT=
spreads from middle laterally,
under-running
lesion,
severely lame
, numerous animals, detached horn.
SMELLS BAD- "mock charge."
, systemic signs, fly strike
BENIGN=
may see lameness, one/few animals, cant Dx from OID
Tx
CONTROL BEFORE GET RESULTS
separate infected from healthy
AB (WHP, Oxytet)
Foot Paring
Footbaths
could mask CS
Repeat Tx
Options
Formalin: OHS, makes wall hard- when apply P= cracks
Cu SO4: precipitates out, toxic
3. Radicate- LONG CONTACT TIME
4. Zn Sulphate- LONG CONTACT TIME
Eradication:
put healthy on clean pasture, Eliminate infected by Tx, Eliminate by sale/ slaughter, Vacc (killed cultures, short term, check regulations)
Foot Abscess
Dx/CS
"hopping sheep."
Radiograph:
new bone deposition to bring stability, soft tissue swelling.
takes 2-3 wks
Culture (mixed infection)
Path
Wet, muddy
- soft interdigital skin
Trauma-
long grass, rocks, thorns
Ticks-
trauma, long mouth parts
Risk= sheep > goats, muddy, trauma, ticks, adult > lambs, concurrent OID.
Named depending on areas
Heel abscess
Medial claw in hindfoot (usually)
Infectious bulbar necrosis
Overgrown feet- rubbing axial surface
Usually one foot and one claw
CS:
hot, painful, pus (ID space/ coronet)
Joint Severe Swelling
Heel/ toe abscess
Toe abscess
Overgrown feet
Purulent underrunning of horn at toe
Front feet
Pus at coronet
Tx
Remove risk (drier paddock)
Tip and clean feet
Trim XS hoof
Surgical Drainage
AB: tetracyclin
Footbath
Scrub foot
Express pus (irrigate: clorhex)
Poultive/ bandage
Digit amputation
Euthanasia
Lameness Assoc. with
Feet and Limbs
ORF/ Scabby mouth/
Contagious Ecthyma
ZOONOTIC
Hoof Image= coronitis (ddx: bluetongue)- causes vasculitis
FMD
NOTIFIABLE EXOTIC
Dx/CS
Sudden severe lameness (flock basis)
Blisters:
horn joins skin, horn is separated from tissues
Blister in
mouth
(not always)- esp goats
Spread
direct contact, semen, embryos, airborne, mechanical carriage
See Necrosis
Shelly Hoof
aka: separated wall, Clover burn, Dry separation
When:
Merino
, irrigated and improved pasture
CS:
outer wall tearing away
from underlying epidermal tissues, cavity packed with mud and faeces, Lameness,
no smell, area dry
Ddx: Footrot (BUT NO INTERDIGITAL SPACE AFFECTED)
Tx
Take away outer wall, put block, bandage
Laminitis
Assoc w= GRAIN ENGORGEMENT
Who: show sheep/goats, introduction of concentrate quickly, Blue tongue Dx (coronitis, laminitis)
CS: acute lameness/ inability/ unwillingness to rise
Arthritis
Types
Fibrinous
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Common in Aust (diamond Dx in pigs)
Chlamydophila abortus (C. psittaci)
Purulent
Trupurella pyogenes
F. necrophorum
Histophilus ovis
Staph.
Strep
CS: swelling of joints, more than one leg, heat
Dx:
Hx
(husbandry- muelsing/ tail docking, dipping),
Culture, Necropsy
(affected limb, joint aspirates)
Isolate indiv, palpate (ddx,
FNA- pus?)
Tx
Joint flush
NSAID
AB
Chronic
Cull
Px: colostrum, good hygiene, Vacc (Eryvac- colostral immunity)
Strawberry Footrot
Cause:
Dermatophilus congolensis
Uncommon, lambs in UK, young> adults
CS: Lameness, lesion in interdigital space/ lower limb
Scabs removed= granulation tissue
Fescue toxicity
Path
Contaminated by endophyte= ergovaline toxin= vasoconstriction= gangrene of extremities/ tail (Can loose P1, 2, 3)
Normally need to eat infested feed for 2 weeks
Cow> sheep/goats
Disease of
Bone, Joints, Cartilage
Nutritional
Vit D def
Rickets in weaners and hoggets
Cu Def
Osteoporosis in lambs
Low Ca diet
Aphosphorosis
Oesteomalacia
Chemical
Chronic Pb poisoning
in lambs
Chronic fluorosis
Spider Lamb Syndrome
Hereditary chondroplasia
American
Myopathies
in Sheep
Vit E and Se Def
Dx: clinical findings= abnormal posture, gait, hunched, stiff, weak, staggery, frothing, unable to stand, paddle limbs, urine red.