Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The Particulate Nature Of Matter (Changes in state (Boiling (Liquid turns…
The Particulate Nature Of Matter
The 3 States of matter
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Structures
Gas
Particles are far apart and spread out, no fixed volume
Liquid
Particles slightly spread out, have fixed volume but not fixed positions, flow freely around each other
Solid
Particles close together, fixed volume, particles vibrate in fixed positions
Changes in state
Boiling
Liquid turns into gas
When do these occur?
Each pure liquid has a given boiling point. It is an endothermic process in which heat is taken in to break bonds between particles so that they can move freely as a gas.
Each pure solid has a given melting point. It is an endothermic process in which heat is taken in, so that the bonds between particles can be broken slightly to change into liquid.
Each pure liquid has a given freezing point. It is an exothermic reaction in which heat is released to make bonds between particles stronger. This turns them into solids.
This occurs randomly at no giving temperature. The particles with the most energy on the surface area of a liquid escape off in to the air by becoming vapour. This leaves the liquid with overall less energy and therefore cools it down
Each pure gas has a point of condensation. It is an exothermic reaction in which heat is released to make bonds between particles. It turns them into liquid.
Melting
Solid turns into lquid
Freezing
Liquid turns into solid
Condensation
Gas turns into liquid
Evaporation
Liquid turns into vapour
Diffusion
What is it?
The spread of a gas or liquid across a concentration gradient
When does it occur
It happens more quickly with particles which have more energy, so gases diffuse the quickest. It does not happen with solids because their particles are in fixed positions.
How does it happen
Atoms or particles of a gas or liquid move across a partially or fully permeable membrane to an area with lower concentration of their substance. An example would be when one sprays perfume, the particles in it diffuse around the room and after a few minutes the whole room smells of perfume.