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Chapter 5- Birth and Fertility ((Reproduction (The capacity for a…
Chapter 5- Birth and Fertility
Reproduction
The capacity for a population to sustain its size from generation to generation.
Natality
The effect that birth and fertility have on a population as a whole. It is also looked at as a "risk factor" that an individual will change birth parity within a certain amount of time.
Fertility
The status of a parent. When a child is born, the fertility level increases by one (unless there are multiple births).
Birth
When an individual comes into the world at a certain time.
Fertility
Period Measures
Crude Birth Rates, Age-Specific Fertility Rates, Total Fertility Rate, Zero Population Growth, General Fertility Rate, Gross Reproduction Rate, Net Reproduction Rate, and Child-women ratio.
Based on a synchronous model, account for births that occur to women in one or more age groups, during a specific time.
Cohort Measures
Based on a diachronous model, tracks the fertility performance of a specific group of women of similar ages. Uses marital status and birth rates.
Theories
The theory of Multiphase Demographic Response, The theory of Intermediate Variables, Quality of Children, Relative Income, The Role of Values and Custom, and Wealth Flow Theory.
Fertility Around The World
Africa
Continues its birth explosion. Three countries at the forefront of fertility are also pioneers in government-supported family-planning programs.
Asia
South and Western Asia continue to have the highest fertility levels, but also some of the weakest family-planning programs in the continent
Latin America
This region has very few high-fertility populations, but they also have extremely great variations within their region.
United States
The average family size and TFR declined continuously between the colonial era and the 1940s. These rates continued to decline through the Depression years of the 1930s. Once the baby boom hit, The U.S. economic levels were very rapid in contrast to the prewar period.