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(Chapter 43 (The Immune System (43.1 In innate immunity, Recognition, and…

- - - - Innate Immunity- a defense active IMMEDIATELY upon infection
        
        let's say it entered/passed the barrier defense
        
        Phagocytosis- cell eating
        
        Neutrophils- engulf and destroy pathogens
        
        Macrophages - big eater
        
        Natural Killer (NK) cells
        
        circulate throughout the body + detect abnormal cells
        
        "Patrolers""
        
        will release chemicals to kill it
        
        Barrier Defenses
        
        skin and body fluids (saliva, mucus, tears) hostile to many microbes
        
        low pH of skin prevents growth of bacteria
        
        kind of "traps" the bacteria from entering
        
        think of it like a spider web
        
        Inflammatory response
        
        pain and swelling
        
        "reporting that there is a problem"
        
        mast cells release histamine
        
        histamine triggers blood vessels to dilate (watery eyes, a runny nose)
        
        1 more item...
        
        macrophages + neutrophils release cytokines
        
        cytokines signal molecules - "tattletales"
        
        ex. sweating, crying,
    - - Adaptive Immunity happens AFTER exposure
        
        relies on 2 types of lymphocytes or WBC - kinda like "agents"
        
        T cells= in the thymus
        
        recognize foreign antigens
        
        bind to fragments on host cell
        
        MHC= host cell-surface proteins
        
        1 more item...
        
        B cells= in bone marrow
        
        bind to antigen on the receptor
        
        produce a soluble fluid called antibody (Ab) or Immunoglobulin (Ig)
        
        humoral immune response
        
        Antigens can start a response from B or T cells
        
        based off of memory
    - - helper T cells trigger both humoral and cell mediated response
    - - passive immunity