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Osteomalacia (Aetiology (Renal disease such as renal failure - inadequate…
Osteomalacia
Aetiology
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Vitamin D deficiency - GI disease, poor diet or lack of sunlight
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Key Facts
This is the reverse of osteoporosis - in which mineralisation is unchanged, but there is overall bone loss
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There is a normal amount of bone but its mineral content is LOW (excess uncalcified osteoid and cartilage) - defective mineralisation
Osteomalacia is a clinical manifestations of profound vitamin D deficiency - since vitamin D is required for Ca and phosphate absorption and thus incorporation into bone
Clinical Presentation
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Muscle weakness - leading to characteristic waddling gait and difficulty climbing stairs and getting out of a chair
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Diagnosis
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X-ray
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Looser's pseudofractures/zones - low density bands extending from the cortex inwards in the shafts of the long bones
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Treatment
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Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, several cancers and cardiovascular disease and should be treated